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Drying dynamics of sessile-droplet arrays

Azmaine Iqtidar1,*, Joseph J. Kilbride2,*, Fouzia F. Ouali2, David J. Fairhurst2, Howard A. Stone1,†, and Hassan Masoud3,‡

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
  • 2Department of Physics and Mathematics, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
  • 3Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †hastone@princeton.edu
  • ‡hmasoud@mtu.edu
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 013602 – Published 10 January, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.8.013602

Abstract

We analyze the diffusion-controlled evaporation of multiple droplets placed near each other on a planar substrate. Specifically, we calculate the change in the volume of sessile droplets with various initial contact angles that are arranged in different configurations. The calculations are supplemented by experimental measurements using a technique that interprets the variable magnification of a pattern placed beneath the droplet array, which is applied to the case of initially hemispherical droplets deposited in four distinct arrangements. We find excellent agreement between the predictions based on the theory of Masoud et al. [Evaporation of multiple droplets, J. Fluid Mech. 927, R4 (2021)] and the data gathered experimentally. Perhaps unexpectedly, we also find that when comparing different arrays, the droplets with the same order of disappearance within their respective array, i.e., fastest evaporating, second-fastest evaporating, etc., follow similar drying dynamics. Our study provides not only experimental validation of the theoretical framework introduced by Masoud et al., but also offers additional insights into the evolution of the volume of individual droplets when evaporating within closely-spaced arrays.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 013602– Published 10 January, 2023
  • Received 15 September 2022
  • Accepted 12 December 2022
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