- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review Fluids

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Coherent near-wall structures and drag reduction by spanwise forcing

Emanuele Gallorini* and Maurizio Quadrio†

Davide Gatti‡

  • Department of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy

  • Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 10, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

  • *emanuele.gallorini@polimi.it
  • †maurizio.quadrio@polimi.it
  • ‡davide.gatti@kit.edu
PDF

Phys. Rev. Fluids 7, 114602 – Published 14 November, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.7.114602

Abstract

The effect of streamwise-traveling waves of spanwise wall velocity (StTW) on the quasistreamwise vortices (QSV) populating the near-wall region of turbulent channels is studied via a conditional averaging technique applied to flow snapshots obtained via direct numerical simulation. The analysis by Yakeno, Hasegawa, and Kasagi [Phys. Fluids 26, 085109 (2014)], where the special case of spatially uniform wall oscillation (OW) was considered, is extended to the general case of StTW, which yield both reduction and increase of turbulent skin-friction drag. StTW are found to significantly impact the wall-normal distribution of the vortex population. The conditionally averaged velocity field around the vortices shows that the contributions of the QSV to the quadrant Reynolds shear stresses change significantly during the control cycle. On the one hand, as for OW, the suppression of Q2 events (with upwelling of low-speed fluid away from the wall) dominates the drag-reduction process. On the other hand, the enhancement of Q2 and also Q4 events (with downwelling of high-speed fluid toward the wall) is related to drag increase. Based on the link identified between the phase changes of the Reynolds stresses and the principal directions of the rate-of-strain tensor induced by the StTW, a predictive correlation for drag reduction by StTW is proposed which uses physically significant parameters to overcome the shortcomings of existing models.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (32)

  1. M. Quadrio, P. Ricco, and C. Viotti, Streamwise-Traveling waves of spanwise wall velocity for turbulent drag reduction, J. Fluid Mech. 627, 161 (2009).
  2. M. A. Leschziner, Friction-Drag reduction by transverse wall motion—A review, J. Mech. 36, 649 (2020).
  3. P. Ricco, M. Skote, and M. A. Leschziner, A review of turbulent skin-friction drag reduction by near-wall transverse forcing, Prog. Aeronaut. Sci. 123, 100713 (2021).
  4. F. Auteri, A. Baron, M. Belan, G. Campanardi, and M. Quadrio, Experimental assessment of drag reduction by traveling waves in a turbulent pipe flow, Phys. Fluids 22, 115103 (2010).
  5. I. Marusic, D. Chandran, A. Rouhi, M. K. Fu, D. Wine, B. Holloway, D. Chung, and A. J. Smits, An energy-efficient pathway to turbulent drag reduction, Nat. Commun. 12, 5805 (2021).
  6. D. Gatti and M. Quadrio, Reynolds-Number dependence of turbulent skin-friction drag reduction induced by spanwise forcing, J. Fluid Mech. 802, 553 (2016).
  7. J. Banchetti, P. Luchini, and M. Quadrio, Turbulent drag reduction over curved walls, J. Fluid Mech. 896, A10 (2020).
  8. M. Quadrio, A. Chiarini, J. Banchetti, D. Gatti, A. Memmolo, and S. Pirozzoli, Drag reduction on a transonic airfoil, J. Fluid Mech. 942, R2 (2022).
  9. M. Quadrio and P. Ricco, The laminar generalized Stokes layer and turbulent drag reduction, J. Fluid Mech. 667, 135 (2011).
  10. S. K. Robinson, Coherent motions in the turbulent boundary layer, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 23, 601 (1991).
  11. A. Yakeno, Y. Hasegawa, and N. Kasagi, Modification of quasistreamwise vortical structure in a drag-reduced turbulent channel flow with spanwise wall oscillation, Phys. Fluids 26, 085109 (2014).
  12. M. Umair, S. Tardu, and O. Doche, Reynolds stresses transport in a turbulent channel flow subjected to streamwise traveling waves, Phys. Rev. Fluids 7, 054601 (2022).
  13. M. Quadrio and P. Ricco, Critical assessment of turbulent drag reduction through spanwise wall oscillation, J. Fluid Mech. 521, 251 (2004).
  14. E. Touber and M. A. Leschziner, Near-wall streak modification by spanwise oscillatory wall motion and drag-reduction mechanisms, J. Fluid Mech. 693, 150 (2012).
  15. O. Blesbois, S. I. Chernyshenko, E. Touber, and M. A. Leschziner, Pattern prediction by linear analysis of turbulent flow with drag reduction by wall oscillation, J. Fluid Mech. 724, 607 (2013).
  16. M. Quadrio and P. Luchini, Integral time-space scales in turbulent wall flows, Phys. Fluids 15, 2219 (2003).
  17. L. Agostini, E. Touber, and M. A. Leschziner, Spanwise oscillatory wall motion in channel flow: Drag-reduction mechanisms inferred from DNS-predicted phase-wise property variations at Reτ=1000, J. Fluid Mech. 743, 606 (2014).
  18. L. Agostini, E. Touber, and M. A. Leschziner, The turbulence vorticity as a window to the physics of friction-drag reduction by oscillatory wall motion, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 51, 3 (2015).
  19. M. Quadrio, B. Frohnapfel, and Y. Hasegawa, Does the choice of the forcing term affect flow statistics in DNS of turbulent channel flow? Eur. J. Mech. B Fluids 55, 286 (2016).
  20. E. Hurst, Q. Yang, and Y. M. Chung, The effect of Reynolds number on turbulent drag reduction by streamwise traveling waves, J. Fluid Mech. 759, 28 (2014).
  21. R. García-Mayoral and J. Jiménez, Drag reduction by riblets, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 369, 1412 (2011).
  22. P. Luchini and M. Quadrio, A low-cost parallel implementation of direct numerical simulation of wall turbulence, J. Comput. Phys. 211, 551 (2006).
  23. I. Marusic, D. D. Joseph, and K. Mahesh, Laminar and turbulent comparisons for channel flow and flow control, J. Fluid Mech. 570, 467 (2007).
  24. K. Fukagata, K. Iwamoto, and N. Kasagi, Contribution of Reynolds stress distribution to the skin friction in wall-bounded flows, Phys. Fluids 14, L73 (2002).
  25. J. M. Wallace, H. Eckelmann, and R. S. Brodkey, The wall region in turbulent shear flow, J. Fluid Mech. 54, 39 (1972).
  26. J. Zhou, R. J. Adrian, S. Balachandar, and T. M. Kendall, Mechanisms for generating coherent packets of hairpin vortices in channel flow, J. Fluid Mech. 387, 353 (1999).
  27. J. Jeong, F. Hussain, W. Schoppa, and J. Kim, Coherent structures near the wall in a turbulent channel flow, J. Fluid Mech. 332, 185 (1997).
  28. P. Chakraborty, S. Balachandar, and R. J. Adrian, On the relationships between local vortex identification schemes, J. Fluid Mech. 535, 189 (2005).
  29. J. I. Ibrahim, G. Gomez-de-Segura, D. Chung, and R. Garcia-Mayoral, The smooth-wall-like behaviour of turbulence over drag-altering surfaces: A unifying virtual-origin framework, J. Fluid Mech. 915, A56 (2021).
  30. C. A. Duque-Daza, M. F. Baig, D. A. Lockerby, S. I. Chernyshenko, and C. Davies, Modeling turbulent skin-friction control using linearized Navier-Stokes equations, J. Fluid Mech. 702, 403 (2012).
  31. J.-I. Choi, C.-X. Xu, and H. J. Sung, Drag reduction by spanwise wall oscillation in wall-bounded turbulent Flows, AIAA J. 40, 842 (2002).
  32. J. Kim and F. Hussain, Propagation velocity of perturbations in turbulent channel flow, Phys. Fluids A 5, 695 (1993).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Fluids 7, 114602– Published 14 November, 2022
  • Received 18 May 2022
  • Accepted 19 October 2022
Crossmark - Check for updates button

©2022 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation