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Study of drag reduction using periodic spanwise grooves on incompressible viscous laminar flows

Pooyan Tirandazi and Carlos H. Hidrovo*

  • Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA

  • *hidrovo@northeastern.edu
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 5, 064102 – Published 22 June, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.5.064102

Abstract

Introducing surface corrugations to alter the boundary layer flow is a proven way to reduce the fluid drag on a surface. In this study, we examine the effect of periodic, infinitely long spanwise grooves on the laminar boundary layer over a plate for global Reynolds numbers (ReL) between 1000 and 25 000. By employing numerical simulations in two-dimensional domains, we investigate the flow and pressure evolution over surfaces containing rectangular grooves that are perpendicular to the flow and infinitely long in the spanwise direction, and compare them to a flat plate. We characterize the flow interactions near the grooves based on their width-to-depth aspect ratio (AR). Below a certain aspect ratio, a primary vortex fills the space inside each groove. These vortices allow the free stream to “slip over” the grooved regions and result in less skin friction on the wall. However, the interaction between the flow and the grooves’ vertical walls leads to a pressure drag. We study the behavior of the individual drag components over a wide range of aspect ratios (0.2 < AR < 200) and compare the total drag reduction in each case. Based on the simulation results, the transverse grooves in the laminar regime can reduce the total drag up to 10% in comparison to a flat plate, despite increasing the wetted surface area of the plate. Conversely, at some aspect ratios the grooves cause a total drag increase of more than 200%. We observe that by increasing the aspect ratio, the free stream bends more toward the grooves; ultimately at a certain aspect ratio, denoted by AR*, the flow breaks apart the underlying circulation and reaches the bottom of the grooves. When this happens, the flow shear on the grooves’ bottom walls combined with the high-pressure drag exerted on the vertical walls can lead to a net increase in the drag. Therefore, the aspect ratio of the grooves is a critical parameter in optimizing drag reduction in transverse geometries.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 5, 064102– Published 22 June, 2020
  • Received 26 March 2019
  • Accepted 27 May 2020
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