- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review Fluids

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Oscillating grid generating turbulence near gas-liquid interfaces in shear-thinning dilute polymer solutions

T. Lacassagne*

S. Simoëns†, M. EL Hajem, and J.-Y. Champagne

  • Univ Lyon, INSA de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, LMFA UMR 5509, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom

  • Univ Lyon, INSA de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, LMFA UMR 5509, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France

  • *tom.lacassagne@gmail.com
  • †serge.simons@ec-lyon.fr
PDF

Phys. Rev. Fluids 5, 033301 – Published 31 March, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.5.033301

Abstract

Understanding the behavior of liquid phase turbulence near gas-liquid interfaces is of great interest in many fundamental, environmental, or industrial applications. For example, near-surface liquid side turbulence is known to enhance the mass transfers between the two phases. Descriptions of this behavior for air-water systems exist in the literature, but the case of turbulence in a shear-thinning liquid phase below a flat gas-liquid interface has never been considered to the best of our knowledge. This paper consists in an experimental characterization of low Reynolds number, oscillating grid generated, near-surface turbulence in shear-thinning dilute polymer solutions, in the surface-influenced and in the viscous sublayers. The energy transfer mechanism, known in the water case, is evidenced in dilute polymer solutions. A horizontal damping mechanism, similar to the one introduced by surfactants, is evidenced. The evolution of the viscous sublayer depth can be explained by both viscous and shear-thinning effects, and it appears that a critical polymer concentration may exist within the dilute regime.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (51)

  1. J. G. Janzen, H. Herlina, G. H. Jirka, H. E. Schulz, and J. S. Gulliver, Estimation of mass transfer velocity based on measured turbulence parameters, AIChE J. 56, 2005 (2010).
  2. E. A. Variano and E. A. Cowen, Turbulent transport of a high-Schmidt-number scalar near an air–water interface, J. Fluid Mech. 731, 259 (2013).
  3. T. Lacassagne, M. EL Hajem, F. Morge, S. Simoens, and J.-Y. Champagne, Study of gas liquid mass transfer in a grid stirred tank, Oil Gas Sci. Technol.–Rev. d'IFP Energies nouvelles 72, 7 (2017).
  4. J. C. R. Hunt, Turbulence structure and turbulent diffusion near gas-liquid interfaces, in Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, edited by W. Brutsaert and G. H. Jirka, Water Science and Technology Library No. 2 (Springer, Amsterdam, 1984), pp. 67–82.
  5. B. H. Brumley and G. H. Jirka, Near-surface turbulence in a grid-stirred tank, J. Fluid Mech. 183, 235 (1987).
  6. J. Magnaudet and I. Calmet, Turbulent mass transfer through a flat shear-free surface, J. Fluid Mech. 553, 155 (2006).
  7. O. Flores, J. J. Riley, and A. R. Horner-Devine, On the dynamics of turbulence near a free surface, J. Fluid Mech. 821, 248 (2017).
  8. H. Herlina and J. G. Wissink, Isotropic-turbulence-induced mass transfer across a severely contaminated water surface, J. Fluid Mech. 797, 665 (2016).
  9. J. G. Wissink, H. Herlina, Y. Akar, and M. Uhlmann, Effect of surface contamination on interfacial mass transfer rate, J. Fluid Mech. 830, 5 (2017).
  10. H. Yagi and F. Yoshida, Enhancement factor for oxygen absorption into fermentation broth, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 17, 1083 (1975).
  11. R. Petříček, T. Moucha, F. J. Rejl, L. Valenz, and J. Haidl, Volumetric mass transfer coefficient in the fermenter agitated by Rushton turbines of various diameters in viscous batch, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 115, 856 (2017).
  12. J. C. R. Hunt and J. M. R. Graham, Free-stream turbulence near plane boundaries, J. Fluid Mech. 84, 209 (1978).
  13. B. Perot and P. Moin, Shear-free turbulent boundary layers. Part 1. Physical insights into near-wall turbulence, J. Fluid Mech. 295, 199 (1995).
  14. I. Calmet and J. Magnaudet, Statistical structure of high-Reynolds-number turbulence close to the free surface of an open-channel flow, J. Fluid Mech. 474, 355 (2003).
  15. J. Bodart, J.-B. Cazalbou, and L. Joly, Direct numerical simulation of unsheared turbulence diffusing towards a free-slip or no-slip surface, J. Turbul. 11, N48 (2010).
  16. J. Magnaudet, High-Reynolds-number turbulence in a shear-free boundary layer: Revisiting the Hunt-Graham theory, J. Fluid Mech. 484, 167 (2003).
  17. H. Herlina and J. G. Wissink, Direct numerical simulation of turbulent scalar transport across a flat surface, J. Fluid Mech. 744, 217 (2014).
  18. H. Herlina and G. H. Jirka, Experiments on gas transfer at the air–water interface induced by oscillating grid turbulence, J. Fluid Mech. 594, 183 (2008).
  19. B. A. Toms, Some observation on the flow of linear polymer solutions through straight tubes at large reynolds numbers, in Proceedings of the First International Congress on Rheology (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1948), Vol. 2, pp. 135–141.
  20. J. L. Lumley, Drag reduction by additives, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1, 367 (1969).
  21. M. Tabor and P. G. de Gennes, A cascade theory of drag reduction, EPL (Europhys. Lett.) 2, 519 (1986).
  22. H.-D. Xi, E. Bodenschatz, and H. Xu, Elastic Energy Flux by Flexible Polymers in Fluid Turbulence, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 024501 (2013).
  23. M. Q. Nguyen, A. Delache, S. Simoëns, W. J. T. Bos, and M. EL Hajem, Small scale dynamics of isotropic viscoelastic turbulence, Phys. Rev. Fluids 1, 083301 (2016).
  24. A. Liberzon, M. Guala, W. Kinzelbach, and A. Tsinober, On turbulent kinetic energy production and dissipation in dilute polymer solutions, Phys. Fluids 18, 125101 (2006).
  25. G. Cocconi, E. De Angelis, B. Frohnapfel, M. Baevsky, and A. Liberzon, Small scale dynamics of a shearless turbulent/non-turbulent interface in dilute polymer solutions, Phys. Fluids 29, 075102 (2017).
  26. E. De Angelis, C. M. Casciola, R. Benzi, and R. Piva, Homogeneous isotropic turbulence in dilute polymers, J. Fluid Mech. 531, 1 (2005).
  27. A. Liberzon, On the effects of dilute polymers on driven cavity turbulent flows, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 32, 1129 (2011).
  28. V. K. Gupta, R. Sureshkumar, and B. Khomami, Passive scalar transport in polymer drag-reduced turbulent channel flow, AIChE J. 51, 1938 (2005).
  29. W.-H. Cai, F.-C. Li, H.-N. Zhang, X.-B. Li, B. Yu, J.-J. Wei, Y. Kawaguchi, and K. Hishida, Study on the characteristics of turbulent drag-reducing channel flow by particle image velocimetry combining with proper orthogonal decomposition analysis, Phys. Fluids 21, 115103 (2009).
  30. A. B. Rodd, D. E. Dunstan, and D. V. Boger, Characterisation of xanthan gum solutions using dynamic light scattering and rheology, Carbohyd. Polym. 42, 159 (2000).
  31. F. Garcia-Ochoa, V. E. Santos, J. A. Casas, and E. Gomez, Xanthan gum: Production, recovery, and properties, Biotech. Adv. 18, 549 (2000).
  32. B. Katzbauer, Properties and applications of xanthan gum, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 59, 81 (1998).
  33. G. Cuvelier and B. Launay, Concentration regimes in xanthan gum solutions deduced from flow and viscoelastic properties, Carbohyd. Polym. 6, 321 (1986).
  34. N. B. Wyatt and M. W. Liberatore, Rheology and viscosity scaling of the polyelectrolyte xanthan gum, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 114, 4076 (2009).
  35. N. B. Wyatt, C. M. Gunther, and M. W. Liberatore, Drag reduction effectiveness of dilute and entangled xanthan in turbulent pipe flow, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 166, 25 (2011).
  36. S. P. McKenna and W. R. McGillis, Observations of flow repeatability and secondary circulation in an oscillating grid-stirred tank, Phys. Fluids 16, 3499 (2004).
  37. M. W. McCorquodale and R. J. Munro, A method for reducing mean flow in oscillating-grid turbulence, Exp. Fluids 59, 182 (2018).
  38. T. Lacassagne, S. Simoëns, M. El Hajem, A. Lyon, and J.-Y. Champagne, Oscillating grid turbulence in shear-thinning polymer solutions, Phys. Fluids 31, 083102 (2019).
  39. S. M. Thompson and J. S. Turner, Mixing across an interface due to turbulence generated by an oscillating grid, J. Fluid Mech. 67, 349 (1975).
  40. E. J. Hopfinger and J.-A. Toly, Spatially decaying turbulence and its relation to mixing across density interfaces, J. Fluid Mech. 78, 155 (1976).
  41. A. Liberzon, M. Holzner, B. Lüthi, M. Guala, and W. Kinzelbach, On turbulent entrainment and dissipation in dilute polymer solutions, Phys. Fluids 21, 035107 (2009).
  42. Y. Wang, W.-H. Cai, T.-Z. Wei, H.-N. Zhang, L. Wang, and F.-C. Li, Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis for two-oscillating grid turbulence with viscoelastic fluids, Adv. Mech. Eng. 8, 168781401667977 (2016).
  43. L. Chiapponi, S. Longo, and M. Tonelli, Experimental study on oscillating grid turbulence and free surface fluctuation, Exp. Fluids 53, 1515 (2012).
  44. A. K. Prasad, Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry, Exp. Fluids 29, 103 (2000).
  45. T. Lacassagne, S. Simoëns, M. El Hajem, and J.-Y. Champagne, Ratiometric, single-dye, pH-sensitive inhibited laser-induced fluorescence for the characterization of mixing and mass transfer, Exp. Fluids 59, 21 (2018).
  46. B. Wieneke, PIV uncertainty quantification from correlation statistics, Meas. Sci. Technol. 26, 074002 (2015).
  47. S. P. McKenna and W. R. McGillis, The role of free-surface turbulence and surfactants in air–water gas transfer, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 47, 539 (2004).
  48. B.-B. Lee, E.-S. Chan, P. Ravindra, and T. A. Khan, Surface tension of viscous biopolymer solutions measured using the du Nouy ring method and the drop weight methods, Polym. Bull. 69, 471 (2012).
  49. S.-L. Young and J. A. Torres, Xanthan: effect of molecular conformation on surface tension properties, Food Hydrocolloids 3, 365 (1989).
  50. G. Hebrard, J. Zeng, and K. Loubiere, Effect of surfactants on liquid side mass transfer coefficients: A new insight, Chem. Eng. J. 148, 132 (2009).
  51. N. T. Ouellette, H. Xu, and E. Bodenschatz, Bulk turbulence in dilute polymer solutions, J. Fluid Mech. 629, 375 (2009).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Fluids 5, 033301– Published 31 March, 2020
  • Received 6 May 2019
  • Accepted 4 March 2020
Crossmark - Check for updates button

©2020 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation