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Liquid plug formation in an airway closure model

F. Romanò*

H. Fujioka

M. Muradoglu

J. B. Grotberg

  • Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2123 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA and Univ. Lille, CNRS, ONERA, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, Centrale Lille, FRE 2017-LMFL-Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides de Lille–Kampé de Fériet, F-59000, Lille, France

  • Center for Computer Science, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Yolu, 80910 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey

  • Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2123 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA

  • *frromano@umich.edu
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 4, 093103 – Published 24 September, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.4.093103

Abstract

The closure of a human lung airway is modeled as an instability of a two-phase flow in a pipe coated internally with a Newtonian liquid. For a thick enough coating, the Plateau-Rayleigh instability creates a liquid plug which blocks the airway, halting distal gas exchange. Owing to a bifrontal plug growth, this airway closure flow induces high stress levels on the wall, which is the location of airway epithelial cells. A parametric numerical study is carried out simulating relevant conditions for human lungs, in either ordinary or pathological situations. Our simulations can represent the physical process from pre- to postcoalescence phases. Previous studies have been limited to precoalescence only. The topological change during coalescence induces a high level of stress and stress gradients on the epithelial cells, which are large enough to damage them, causing sublethal or lethal responses. We find that postcoalescence wall stresses can be in the range of 300% to 600% greater than precoalescence values and so introduce an important source of mechanical perturbation to the cells.

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Outline

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 4, 093103– Published 24 September, 2019
  • Received 16 April 2019
Article part of CHORUS
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