- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review Fluids

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Capillary filtering of particles during dip coating

Alban Sauret1,*, Adrien Gans2,3, Bénédicte Colnet2, Guillaume Saingier2, Martin Z. Bazant4,5, and Emilie Dressaire1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
  • 2Surface du Verre et Interfaces, UMR 125, CNRS/Saint-Gobain, 93303 Aubervilliers, France
  • 3FAST, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
  • 4Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
  • 5Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

  • *asauret@ucsb.edu
PDF

Phys. Rev. Fluids 4, 054303 – Published 10 May, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.4.054303

Abstract

An object withdrawn from a liquid bath is coated with a thin layer of liquid. Along with the liquid, impurities such as particles present in the bath can be transferred to the withdrawn substrate. Entrained particles locally modify the thickness of the film, hence altering the quality and properties of the coating. In this study, we show that it is possible to entrain the liquid alone and avoid contamination of the substrate, at sufficiently low withdrawal velocity in diluted suspensions. Using a model system consisting of a plate exiting a liquid bath, we observe that particles can remain trapped in the meniscus which exerts a resistive capillary force to the entrainment. We characterize different entrainment regimes as the withdrawal velocity increases: from a pure liquid film, to a liquid film containing clusters of particles, and eventually individual particles. This capillary filtration is an effective barrier against the contamination of substrates withdrawn from a polluted bath and finds application against biocontamination.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (52)

  1. E. Rio and F. Boulogne, Withdrawing a solid from a bath: How much liquid is coated? Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 247, 100 (2017).
  2. K. J. Ruschak, Coating flows, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 17, 65 (1985).
  3. L. Landau and B. Levich, Dragging of a liquid by a moving plate, Acta Physicochim. USSR 17, 42 (1942).
  4. B. Deryagin and A. Titievskaya, Experimental study of liquid film thickness left on a solid wall after receding meniscus, Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR 50, 307 (1945).
  5. D. Quéré, Fluid coating on a fiber, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 31, 347 (1999).
  6. H. C. Mayer and R. Krechetnikov, Landau-Levich flow visualization: Revealing the flow topology responsible for the film thickening phenomena, Phys. Fluids 24, 052103 (2012).
  7. M. Maillard, J. Boujlel, and P. Coussot, Solid-Solid Transition in Landau-Levich Flow with Soft-Jammed Systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 068304 (2014).
  8. M. Maillard, J. Boujlel, and P. Coussot, Flow characteristics around a plate withdrawn from a bath of yield stress fluid, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 220, 33 (2015).
  9. C.-W. Park, Effects of insoluble surfactants on dip coating, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 146, 382 (1991).
  10. A. Q. Shen, B. Gleason, G. H. McKinley, and H. A. Stone, Fiber coating with surfactant solutions, Phys. Fluids 14, 4055 (2002).
  11. R. Krechetnikov and G. M. Homsy, Experimental study of substrate roughness and surfactant effects on the Landau-Levich law, Phys. Fluids 17, 102108 (2005).
  12. R. Krechetnikov and G. M. Homsy, Surfactant effects in the Landau-Levich problem, J. Fluid Mech. 559, 429 (2006).
  13. J. Delacotte, L. Montel, F. Restagno, B. Scheid, B. Dollet, H. A. Stone, D. Langevin, and E. Rio, Plate coating: Influence of concentrated surfactants on the film thickness, Langmuir 28, 3821 (2012).
  14. M. Ghosh, F. Fan, and K. J. Stebe, Spontaneous pattern formation by dip coating of colloidal suspensions on homogeneous surfaces, Langmuir 23, 2180 (2007).
  15. S. Watanabe, K. Inukai, S. Mizuta, and M. T. Miyahara, Mechanism for stripe pattern formation on hydrophilic surfaces by using convective self-assembly, Langmuir 25, 7287 (2009).
  16. D. D. Brewer, T. Shibuta, L. Francis, S. Kumar, and M. Tsapatsis, Coating process regimes in particulate film production by forced-convection-assisted drag-out, Langmuir 27, 11660 (2011).
  17. R. J. Furbank and J. F. Morris, An experimental study of particle effects on drop formation, Phys. Fluids 16, 1777 (2004).
  18. M. Buchanan, D. Molenaar, S. de Villiers, and R. M. L. Evans, Pattern formation in draining thin film suspensions, Langmuir 23, 3732 (2007).
  19. C. Bonnoit, T. Bertrand, E. Clément, and A. Lindner, Accelerated drop detachment in granular suspensions, Phys. Fluids 24, 043304 (2012).
  20. M. Z. Miskin and H. M. Jaeger, Droplet formation and scaling in dense suspensions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109, 4389 (2012).
  21. L. A. Lubbers, Q. Xu, S. Wilken, W. W. Zhang, and H. M. Jaeger, Dense Suspension Splat: Monolayer Spreading and Hole Formation after Impact, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 044502 (2014).
  22. W. Mathues, C. McIlroy, O. G. Harlen, and C. Clasen, Capillary breakup of suspensions near pinch-off, Phys. Fluids 27, 093301 (2015).
  23. J. Kim, F. Xu, and S. Lee, Formation and Destabilization of the Particle Band on the Fluid-Fluid Interface, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 074501 (2017).
  24. Y. E. Yu, S. Khodaparast, and H. A. Stone, Armoring confined bubbles in the flow of colloidal suspensions, Soft Matter 13, 2857 (2017).
  25. Y. E. Yu, S. Khodaparast, and H. A. Stone, Separation of particles by size from a suspension using the motion of a confined bubble, Appl. Phys. Lett. 112, 181604 (2018).
  26. M. Ouriemi and G. M. Homsy, Experimental study of the effect of surface-absorbed hydrophobic particles on the Landau-Levich law, Phys. Fluids 25, 082111 (2013).
  27. A. Gans, E. Dressaire, B. Colnet, G. Saingier, M. Z. Bazant, and A. Sauret, Dip-coating of suspensions, Soft Matter 15, 252 (2019).
  28. S. Palma and H. Lhuissier, Dip-coating with a particulate suspension, J. Fluid Mech. 869, R3 (2019).
  29. J. C. T. Kao and A. E. Hosoi, Spinodal decomposition in particle-laden Landau-Levich flow, Phys. Fluids 24, 041701 (2012).
  30. J. C. T. Kao, A. L. Blakemore, and A. E. Hosoi, Pulling bubbles from a bath, Phys. Fluids 22, 061705 (2010).
  31. C. E. Colosqui, J. F. Morris, and H. A. Stone, Hydrodynamically Driven Colloidal Assembly in Dip Coating, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 188302 (2013).
  32. M. Maleki, M. Reyssat, F. Restagno, D. Quéré, and C. Clanet, Landau-Levich menisci, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 354, 359 (2011).
  33. H. Lamb, Hydrodynamics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1993).
  34. C. Vernay, L. Ramos, and C. Ligoure, Free radially expanding liquid sheet in air: Time-and space-resolved measurement of the thickness field, J. Fluid Mech. 764, 428 (2015).
  35. R Krechetnikov, On application of lubrication approximations to nonunidirectional coating flows with clean and surfactant interfaces, Phys. Fluids 22, 092102 (2010).
  36. P. A Kralchevsky and K. Nagayama, Capillary interactions between particles bound to interfaces, liquid films and biomembranes, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 85, 145 (2000).
  37. D. Vella and L Mahadevan, The “Cheerios effect”, Am. J. Phys. 73, 817 (2005).
  38. K. J. Stebe, E. Lewandowski, and M. Ghosh, Oriented assembly of metamaterials, Science 325, 159 (2009).
  39. M. Cavallaro, L. Botto, E. P Lewandowski, M. Wang, and K. J Stebe, Curvature-driven capillary migration and assembly of rod-like particles, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 20923 (2011).
  40. J. Dervaux, M. C. Resta, and P. Brunet, Light-controlled flows in active fluids, Nat. Phys. 13, 306 (2017).
  41. J. S. Guasto, R. Rusconi, and R. Stocker, Fluid mechanics of planktonic microorganisms, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 44, 373 (2012).
  42. G. L. Miño, M. A. R. Koehl, N. King, and R. Stocker, Finding patches in a heterogeneous aquatic environment: ph-taxis by the dispersal stage of choanoflagellates, Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett. 2, 37 (2017).
  43. R. Rusconi, J. S. Guasto, and R. Stocker, Bacterial transport suppressed by fluid shear, Nat. Phys. 10, 212 (2014).
  44. R. Stocker, Marine microbes see a sea of gradients, Science 338, 628 (2012).
  45. G. Vesey, P. Hutton, A. Champion, N. Ashbolt, K. L. Williams, A. Warton, and D. Veal, Application of flow cytometric methods for the routine detection of cryptosporidium and giardia in water, Cytometry 16, 1 (1994).
  46. S. Jana, A. Eddins, C. Spoon, and S. Jung, Somersault of paramecium in extremely confined environments, Sci. Rep. 5, 13148 (2015).
  47. W. M. Durham and R. Stocker, Thin phytoplankton layers: Characteristics, mechanisms, and consequences, Annu. Rev. Marine Sci. 4, 177 (2012).
  48. A. Lenshof and T. Laurell, Continuous separation of cells and particles in microfluidic systems, Chem. Soc. Rev. 39, 1203 (2010).
  49. A. Sauret, E. C. Barney, A. Perro, E. Villermaux, H. A. Stone, and E. Dressaire, Clogging by sieving in microchannels: Application to the detection of contaminants in colloidal suspensions, Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 074101 (2014).
  50. E. Dressaire and A. Sauret, Clogging of microfluidic systems, Soft Matter 13, 37 (2017).
  51. A. Sauret, K. Somszor, E. Villermaux, and E. Dressaire, Growth of clogs in parallel microchannels, Phys. Rev. Fluids 3, 104301 (2018).
  52. B. M. Dincau, M. Z. Bazant, E. Dressaire, and A. Sauret, Capillary sorting of particles by dip coating (unpublished).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Fluids 4, 054303– Published 10 May, 2019
  • Received 26 September 2018
  • Revised 27 December 2018
Crossmark - Check for updates button

©2019 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation