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Direct numerical simulation of flow over dissimilar, randomly distributed roughness elements: A systematic study on the effect of surface morphology on turbulence

Pourya Forooghi1,*, Alexander Stroh1, Philipp Schlatter2, and Bettina Frohnapfel1

  • 1Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
  • 2Linné FLOW Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden

  • *forooghi@kit.edu
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 3, 044605 – Published 25 April, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.044605

Abstract

Direct numerical simulations are used to investigate turbulent flow in rough channels, in which topographical parameters of the rough wall are systematically varied at a fixed friction Reynolds number of 500, based on a mean channel half-height h and friction velocity. The utilized roughness generation approach allows independent variation of moments of the surface height probability distribution function [thus root-mean-square (rms) surface height, skewness, and kurtosis], surface mean slope, and standard deviation of the roughness peak sizes. Particular attention is paid to the effect of the parameter Δ defined as the normalized height difference between the highest and lowest roughness peaks. This parameter is used to understand the trends of the investigated flow variables with departure from the idealized case where all roughness elements have the same height (Δ=0). All calculations are done in the fully rough regime and for surfaces with high slope (effective slope equal to 0.6–0.9). The rms roughness height is fixed for all cases at 0.045h and the skewness and kurtosis of the surface height probability density function vary in the ranges −0.33 to 0.67 and 1.9 to 2.6, respectively. The goal of the paper is twofold: first, to investigate the possible effect of topographical parameters on the mean turbulent flow, Reynolds, and dispersive stresses particularly in the vicinity of the roughness crest, and second, to investigate the possibility of using the wall-normal turbulence intensity as a physical parameter for parametrization of the flow. Such a possibility, already suggested for regular roughness in the literature, is here extended to irregular roughness.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 3, 044605– Published 25 April, 2018
  • Received 24 October 2017
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