- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review Fluids

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Hybrid finite-difference/lattice Boltzmann simulations of microchannel and nanochannel acoustic streaming driven by surface acoustic waves

Ming K. Tan1,2 and Leslie Y. Yeo1,*

  • 1Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
  • 2School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia

  • *Corresponding author: leslie.yeo@rmit.edu.au
PDF

Phys. Rev. Fluids 3, 044202 – Published 30 April, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.044202

Abstract

A two-dimensional hybrid numerical method that allows full coupling of the elastic motion in a piezoelectric solid (modeled using a finite-difference time-domain technique) with the resultant compressional flow in a fluid (simulated using a lattice Boltzmann scheme) is developed to study the acoustic streaming that arises in both microchannels and nanochannels under surface acoustic wave (SAW) excitation. In addition to verifying the model through a comparison of the simulations with results from experimental and numerical studies of microchannel and nanochannel flows driven by both standing and traveling SAWs in the literature, we highlight salient features of the flow field that arise and discuss the underlying mechanisms responsible for the flow. In microchannels, boundary layer streaming is the dominant mechanism when the channel height is below the sound wavelength in the liquid, whereas Eckart streaming—arising as a consequence of the attenuation of the sound wave in the liquid—dominates in the form of periodic vortices for larger channel heights. The absence of Eckart streaming and the overlapping of boundary layers in nanochannels with heights below the boundary layer thickness, on the other hand, give rise to a time-averaged dynamic acoustic pressure that results in an inertial-dominant flow, which paradoxically possesses a parabolic-like velocity profile resembling pressure-driven laminar flow. In contrast, if the nanochannel were to be filled instead with air, the significantly lower fluid density leads to a considerable reduction in the dynamic acoustic pressure and hence inertial forcing such that boundary layer streaming once again dominates, asymptotically imposing a slip condition along the channel surface that results in a negative pluglike velocity profile.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (87)

  1. J. Friend and L. Y. Yeo, Microscale acoustofluidics: Microfluidics driven via acoustics and ultrasonics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 647 (2011).
  2. L. Y. Yeo and J. R. Friend, Surface acoustic wave microfluidics, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 46, 379 (2014).
  3. X. Ding, P. Li, S.-C. S. Lin, Z. S. Stratton, N. Nama, F. Guo, D. Slotcavage, X. Mao, J. Shi, F. Costanzo, and T. J. Huang, Surface acoustic wave microfluidics, Lab Chip 13, 3626 (2013).
  4. G. Destgeer and H. J. Sung, Recent advances in microfluidic actuation and micro-object manipulation via surface acoustic waves, Lab Chip 15, 2722 (2015).
  5. D. B. Go, M. Z. Atashbar, Z. Ramshani, and H.-C. Chang, Surface acoustic wave devices for chemical sensing and micrufluidics: A review and perspective, Anal. Methods 9, 4112 (2017).
  6. M. Gedge and M. Hill, Acoustofluidics 17: Theory and applications of surface acoustic wave devices for particle manipulation, Lab Chip 12, 2998 (2012).
  7. K. M. Ang, L. Y. Yeo, Y. M. Hung, and M. K. Tan, Graphene-mediated microfluidic transport and nebulization via high frequency Rayleigh wave substrate excitation, Lab Chip 16, 3503 (2016).
  8. M. Miansari and J. R. Friend, Acoustic nanofluidics via room-temperature lithium niobate bonding: A platform for actuation and manipulation of nanoconfined fluids and particles, Adv. Funct. Mater. 26, 7861 (2016).
  9. K. M. Ang, L. Y. Yeo, Y. M. Hung, and M. K. Tan, Acoustially-mediated microfluidic nanofiltration through graphene films, Nanoscale 9, 6497 (2017).
  10. G. Destgeer, K. H. Lee, J. H. Jung, A. Alazzam, and H. J. Sung, Continuous separation of particles in a PDMS microfluidic channel via traveling surface acoustic waves (TSAW), Lab Chip 13, 4210 (2013).
  11. T. Franke, S. Braunmüller, L. Schmid, A. Wixforth, and D. A. Weitz, Surface acoustic wave actuated cell sorting (SAWACS), Lab Chip 10, 789 (2010).
  12. S.-C. S. Lin, X. Mao, and T. J. Huang, Surface acoustic wave (SAW) acoustophoresis: Now and beyond, Lab Chip 12, 2766 (2012).
  13. J. Behrens, S. Langelier, A. R. Rezk, G. Lindner, L. Y. Yeo, and J. R. Friend, Microscale anechoic architecture: Acoustic diffusers for ultra low power microparticle separation via traveling surface acoustic waves, Lab Chip 15, 43 (2015).
  14. L. Ren, Y. Chen, P. Li, Z. Mao, P.-H. Huang, J. Rufo, F. Guo, L. Wang, J. P. McCoy, S. J. Levine, and T. J. Huang, A high-throughput acoustic cell sorter, Lab Chip 15, 3870 (2015).
  15. G. Destgeer, B. H. Ha, J. Park, J. H. Jung, A. Alazzam, and H. J. Sung, Microchannel anechoic corner for size-selective separation and medium exchange via traveling surface acoustic waves, Anal. Chem. 87, 4627 (2015).
  16. Z. Ma, Y. Zhou, D. J. Collins, and Y. Ai, Fluorescence activated cell sorting via a focused traveling surface acoustic beam, Lab Chip 17, 3176 (2017).
  17. W. L. Ung, K. Mutafopulos, P. Spink, R. W. Rambach, T. Franke, and D. A. Weitz, Enhanced surface acoustic wave cell sorting by 3D microfluidic-chip design, Lab Chip 17, 4059 (2017).
  18. D. J. Collins, C. Devendran, Z. Ma, J. W. Ng, A. Neild, and Y. Ai, Acoustic tweezers via sub-time-of-flight regime surface acoustic waves, Sci. Adv. 2, E1600089 (2016).
  19. M. Wu, Z. Mao, K. Chen, H. Bachman, Y. Chen, J. Rufo, L. Ren, P. Li, L. Wang, and T. J. Huang, Acoustic separation of nanoparticles in continuous flow, Adv. Funct. Mater. 27, 1606039 (2017).
  20. W. L. Nyborg, Acoustic streaming, in Properties of Polymers and Nonlinear Acoustics, Vol. 2B, edited by W. P. Mason and R. N. Thurston (Academic, New York, 1965).
  21. L. D. Rozenberg, High-Intensity Ultrasonic Fields (Plenum, New York, 1971).
  22. J. Lighthill, Acoustic streaming, J. Sound Vib. 61, 391 (1978).
  23. C. E. Bradley, Acoustic streaming field structure: The influence of the radiator, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100, 1399 (1996).
  24. N. Riley, Steady streaming, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 33, 43 (2001).
  25. A. Wixforth, C. Strobl, Ch. Gauer, A. Toegl, J. Scriba, and Z. v. Guttenberg, Acoustic manipulation of small droplets, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 379, 982 (2004).
  26. M. K. Tan, J. R. Friend, and L. Y. Yeo, Microparticle collection and concentration via a miniature surface acoustic wave device, Lab Chip 7, 618 (2007).
  27. A. Renaudin, E. Galopin, V. Thomy, C. Druon, and F. Zoueshtiagh, Creeping, walking and jumping drop, Phys. Fluids 19, 091111 (2007).
  28. P. Brunet, M. Baudoin, O. B. Matar, and F. Zoueshtiagh, Droplet displacements and oscillations induced by ultrasonic surface acoustic waves: A quantitative study, Phys. Rev. E 81, 036315 (2010).
  29. M. Baudoin, P. Brunet, O. B. Matar, and E. Herth, Low power sessile droplets actuation via modulated surface acoustic waves, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 154102 (2012).
  30. A. Bussonnière, M. Baudoin, P. Brunet, and O. B. Matar, Dynamics of sessile and pendant drops excited by surface acoustic waves: Gravity effects and correlation between oscillatory and translational motions, Phys. Rev. E 93, 053106 (2016).
  31. Z. Guttenberg, A. Rathgeber, S. Keller, J. O. Rädler, A. Wixforth, M. Kostur, M. Schindler, and P. Talkner, Flow profiling of a surface-acoustic-wave nanopump, Phys. Rev. E 70, 056311 (2004).
  32. S. Girardo, M. Cecchini, F. Beltram, R. Cingolani, and D. Pisignano, Polydimethylsiloxane–LiNbO3 surface acoustic wave micropump devices for fluid control into microchannels, Lab Chip 8, 1557 (2008).
  33. M. F. Schneider, Z. Guttenberg, S. W. Schneider, K. Sritharan, V. M. Myles, U. Pamukci, and A. Wixforth, An acoustically driven microliter flow chamber on a chip (μ FCC) for cell-cell and cell-surface interaction studies, ChemPhysChem 9, 641 (2008).
  34. M. K. Tan, L. Y. Yeo, and J. R. Friend, Rapid fluid flow and mixing induced in microchannels using surface acoustic waves, Europhys. Lett. 87, 47003 (2009).
  35. L. Masini, M. Cecchini, S. Girardo, R. Cingolani, D. Pisignano, and F. Beltram, Surface-acoustic-wave counterflow micropumps for on-chip liquid motion control in two-dimensional microchannel arrays, Lab Chip 10, 1997 (2010).
  36. L. Schmid, A. Wixforth, and D. A. Weitz, Novel surface acoustic wave (SAW)–driven closed PDMS flow chamber, Microfluid. Nanofluid. 12, 229 (2012).
  37. S. M. Langelier, L. Y. Yeo, and J. Friend, UV epoxy bonding for enhanced SAW transmission and microscale acoustofluidic integration, Lab Chip 12, 2970 (2012).
  38. L. Johansson, J. Enlund, S. Johansson, I. Katardjiev, and V. Yantchev, Surface acoustic wave induced particle manipulation in a PDMS channel—principle concepts for continuous flow applications, Biomed. Microdev. 14, 279 (2012).
  39. H. Li, J. R. Friend, and L. Y. Yeo, Surface acoustic wave concentration of particle and bioparticle suspensions, Biomed. Microdev. 9, 647 (2007).
  40. R. J. Shilton, M. Travagliati, F. Beltram, and M. Cecchini, Nanoliter-droplet acoustic streaming via ultra high frequency surface acoustic waves, Adv. Mater. 26, 4941 (2014).
  41. D. J. Collins, Z. Ma, J. Han, and Y. Ai, Continuous micro-vortex-based nanoparticle manipulation via focused surface acoustic waves, Lab Chip 17, 91 (2017).
  42. R. Shilton, M. K. Tan, L. Y. Yeo, and J. R. Friend, Particle concentration and mixing in microdrops driven by focused surface acoustic waves, J. Appl. Phys. 104, 014910 (2008).
  43. G. Destgeer, J. H. Jung, J. Park, H. Ahmed, and H. J. Sung, Particle separation inside a sessile droplet with variable contact angle using surface acoustic waves, Anal. Chem. 89, 736 (2017).
  44. M. K. Tan, J. R. Friend, and L. Y. Yeo, Interfacial Jetting Phenomena Induced by Focused Surface Vibrations, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 024501 (2009).
  45. A. Qi, L. Y. Yeo, and J. R. Friend, Interfacial destabilization and atomization driven by surface acoustic waves, Phys. Fluids 20, 074103 (2008).
  46. J. Ho, M. K. Tan, D. B. Go, L. Y. Yeo, J. R. Friend, and H.-C. Chang, Paper-based microfluidic surface acoustic wave sample delivery and ionization source for rapid and sensitive ambient mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem. 83, 3260 (2011).
  47. S. R. Heron, R. Wilson, S. A. Shaffer, D. R. Goodlett, and J. M. Cooper, Surface acoustic wave nebulization of peptides as a microfluidic interface for mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem. 82, 3985 (2010).
  48. A. Winkler, S. M. Harazim, S. B. Menzel, and H. Schmidt, SAW-based fluid atomization using mass-producible chip devices, Lab Chip 15, 3793 (2015).
  49. A. Winkler, S. Harazim, D. J. Collins, R. Brünig, H. Schmidt, and S. B. Menzel, Compact SAW aerosol generator, Biomed. Microdev. 19, 9 (2017).
  50. N. R. Glass, R. J. Shilton, P. P. Y. Chan, J. R. Friend, and L. Y. Yeo, Miniaturized laboratory-on-a-disc (miniLOAD), Small 8, 1881 (2012).
  51. M. K. Tan, A. Siddiqi, and L. Y. Yeo, A facile and flexible method for on-demand directional speed tunability in the miniaturised Lab-on-a-Disc, Sci. Rep. 7, 6652 (2017).
  52. O. Manor, L. Y. Yeo, and J. R. Friend, The appearance of boundary layers and drift flows sue to high-frequency surface waves, J. Fluid Mech. 707, 482 (2012).
  53. A. R. Rezk, O. Manor, J. R. Friend, and L. Y. Yeo, Unique fingering instabilities and soliton-like wave propagation in thin acoustowetting films, Nat. Commun. 3, 1167 (2012).
  54. D. J. Collins, O. Manor, A. Winkler, H. Schmidt, J. R. Friend, and L. Y. Yeo, Atomization off thin water films generated by high-frequency substrate wave vibrations, Phys. Rev. E 86, 056312 (2012).
  55. A. R. Rezk, O. Manor, L. Y. Yeo, and J. R. Friend, Double flow reversal in thin liquid films driven by megahertz-order surface vibration, Proc. R. Soc. A 470, 20130765 (2014).
  56. O. Manor, A. R. Rezk, J. R. Friend, and L. Y. Yeo, Dynamics of liquid films exposed to high-frequency surface vibration, Phys. Rev. E 91, 053015 (2015).
  57. G. Altshuler and O. Manor, Spreading dynamics of a partially wetting water film atop a MHz substrate vibration, Phys. Fluids 27, 102103 (2015).
  58. P. McCord Morse and K. Uno Ingard, Theoretical Acoustics (Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 1968).
  59. M. Schindler, P. Talkner, and P. Hänggi, Computing stationary free-surface shapes in microfluidics, Phys. Fluids 18, 103303 (2006).
  60. D. Köster, Numerical simulation of acoustic streaming on surface acoustic wave-driven biochips, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 29, 2352 (2007).
  61. A. Gantner, R. H. W. Hoppe, D. Köster, K. Siebert, and A. Wixforth, Numerical simulation of piezoelectrically agitated surface acoustic waves on microfluidic biochips, Comput. Visual Sci. 10, 145 (2007).
  62. H. Antil, M. Heinkenschloss, R. H. W. Hoppe, C. Linsenmann, and A. Wixforth, Reduced order modeling based shape optimization of surface acoustic wave driven microfluidic biochips, Math. Comput. Simulat. 82, 1986 (2012).
  63. N. Nama, R. Barnkob, Z. Mao, C. J. Káhler, F. Costanzo, and T. J. Huang, Numerical study of acoustophoretic motion of particles in a PDMS microchannel driven by surface acoustic waves, Lab Chip 15, 2700 (2015).
  64. N. Nama, T. J. Huang, and F. Costanzo, Acoustic streaming: an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian perspective, J. Fluid Mech. 825, 600 (2017).
  65. F. Kiebert, S. Wege, J. Massing, J. König, C. Cierpka, R. Weser, and H. Schmidt, 3D measurement and simulation of surface acoustic wave driven fluid motion: A comparison, Lab Chip 17, 2104 (2017).
  66. A. Riaud, M. Baudoin, O. Bou Matar, J.-L. Thomas, and P. Brunet, On the influence of viscosity and caustics on acoustic streaming in sessile droplets: An experimental and a numerical study with a cost-effective method, J. Fluid Mech. 821, 384 (2017).
  67. J. Vanneste and O. Bühler, Streaming by leaky surface acoustic waves, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 467, 1779 (2010).
  68. A. A. Doinikov, P. Thibault, and P. Marmottant, Acoustic streaming in a microfluidic channel with a reflector: Case of a standing wave generated by two counterpropagating leaky surface waves, Phys. Rev. E 96, 013101 (2017).
  69. M. K. Tan, R. Tjeung, H. Ervin, L. Y. Yeo, and J. Friend, Double aperture focusing transducer for controlling microparticle motions in trapezoidal microchannels with surface acoustic waves, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 134101 (2009).
  70. M. K. Tan, J. R. Friend, O. K. Matar, and L. Y. Yeo, Capillary wave motion excited by high frequency surface acoustic waves, Phys. Fluids 22, 112112 (2010).
  71. J.-F. Xie and B.-Y. Cao, Fast nanofluidics by traveling surface waves, Microfluid. Nanofluid. 21, 111 (2017).
  72. D. Haydock and J. M. Yeomans, Lattice Boltzmann simulations of acoustic streaming, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 34, 5201 (2001).
  73. D. Haydock and J. M. Yeomans, Lattice Boltzmann simulations of attenuation-driven acoustic streaming, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 36, 5683 (2003).
  74. P. J. Westervelt, The theory of steady rotational flow generated by a sound field, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 25, 60 (1952).
  75. H. Schlichting, Boundary Layer Theory (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968).
  76. C. Eckart, Vortices and streams caused by sound waves, Phys. Rev. 73, 68 (1948).
  77. S. Chen and G. D. Doolen, Lattice Boltzmann method for fluid flows, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 30, 329 (1998).
  78. B. A. Auld, Acoustic Fields and Waves in Solids, Vol. 1 (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1973).
  79. H. F. Tiersten, Wave propagation in an infinite piezoelectric plate, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 35, 234 (1963).
  80. F. Changla and P. M. Smith, Finite difference time domain methods for piezoelectric crystals, IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 53, 1895 (2006).
  81. C. T. Schröder and W. R. Scott, A finite-difference model to study the elastic wave interaction with buried land mines, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 38, 1505 (2000).
  82. F. Collino and C. Tsogko, Application of the perfectly matched absorbing layer model to the linear elastodynamic problem in anisotropic heterogeneous media, Geophysics 66, 294 (2001).
  83. A. A. Mohamad, Lattice Boltzmann Method: Fundamentals and Engineering Applications with Computer Codes (Springer-Verlag, London, 2011).
  84. L. E. Kinsler, A. R. Frey, A. B. Coppens, and J. V. Sanders, Fundamentals of Acoustics (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000).
  85. M. F. Hamilton, Y. A. Il'inskii, and E. A. Zabolotskaya, Dispersion, edited by M. F. Hamilton and D. T. Blackstock (Academic, San Diego, 1998), pp. 151–175.
  86. R. P. Hodgson, M. Tan, L. Yeo, and J. Friend, Transmitting high power rf acoustic radiation via fluid couplants into superstrates for microfluidics, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 024102 (2009).
  87. C. Witte, J. Reboud, R. Wilson, J. M. Cooper, and S. L. Neale, Microfluidic resonant cavities enable acoustophoresis on a disposable superstrate, Lab Chip 14, 4277 (2014).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Fluids 3, 044202– Published 30 April, 2018
  • Received 12 January 2018
Crossmark - Check for updates button

©2018 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation