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Experimental study of turbulent-jet wave packets and their acoustic efficiency

David E. S. Breakey*

Peter Jordan

André V. G. Cavalieri and Petrônio A. Nogueira

Olivier Léon

Tim Colonius

Daniel Rodríguez

  • Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland

  • Département Fluides, Thermique, Combustion, Institut Pprime, CNRS-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA, 86036 Poitiers Cedex, Poitiers, France

  • Divisão de Engenharia Aeronáutica, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 12228-900 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil

  • Department of Aerodynamics and Energetics Modelling, ONERA, Toulouse 31055, France

  • Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA

  • Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (LMTA), Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering (PGMEC), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-240, Brazil

  • *Present address: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; breakeyd@tcd.ie
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 124601 – Published 1 December, 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.2.124601

Abstract

This paper details the statistical and time-resolved analysis of the relationship between the near-field pressure fluctuations of unforced, subsonic free jets (0.4≤M≤0.6) and their far-field sound emissions. Near-field and far-field microphone measurements were taken on a conical array close to the jets and an azimuthal ring at 20∘ to the jet axis, respectively. Recent velocity and pressure measurements indicate the presence of linear wave packets in the near field by closely matching predictions from the linear homogenous parabolized stability equations, but the agreement breaks down both beyond the end of the potential core and when considering higher order statistical moments, such as the two-point coherence. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), interpreted in terms of inhomogeneous linear models using the resolvent framework allows us to understand these discrepancies. A new technique is developed for projecting time-domain pressure measurements onto a statistically obtained POD basis, yielding the time-resolved activity of each POD mode and its correlation with the far field. A single POD mode, interpreted as an optimal high-gain structure that arises due to turbulent forcing, captures the salient near-field–far-field correlation signature; further, the signatures of the next two modes, understood as suboptimally forced structures, suggest that these POD modes represent higher order, acoustically important near-field behavior. An existing Green's-function-based technique is used to make far-field predictions, and results are interpreted in terms of POD/resolvent modes, indicating the acoustic importance of this higher order behavior. The technique is extended to provide time-domain far-field predictions.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 124601– Published 1 December, 2017
  • Received 15 June 2017

©2017 American Physical Society

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