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From free jets to clinging wall jets: The influence of a horizontal boundary on a horizontally forced buoyant jet

H. C. Burridge1,* and G. R. Hunt2

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, Skempton Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
  • 2Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom

  • *h.burridge@imperial.ac.uk
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 023501 – Published 8 February, 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.2.023501

Abstract

We investigate the incompressible turbulent jet formed when buoyant fluid is steadily ejected horizontally from a circular source into an otherwise quiescent uniform environment. As our primary focus, we introduce a horizontal boundary beneath the source. For sufficiently small separations, the jet attaches and clings to the boundary, herein the “clinging jet,” before, farther downstream, the jet is pulled away from the boundary by the buoyancy force. For larger source-boundary separations, the buoyant jet is free to rise under the action of the buoyancy force, herein the “free jet.” Based on measurements of saline jets in freshwater surroundings we deduce the conditions required for a jet to cling. We present a data set that spans a broad range of source conditions for the variation in volume flux (indicative of entrainment), jet perimeter, and jet centerline for both “clinging” and “free” jets. For source Froude numbers Fr0≥12 the data collapse when scaled, displaying universal behaviors for both clinging and free jets. Our results for the variation in the volume flux across horizontal planes, πQjet, show that within a few jet lengths of the source, πQjet for the clinging jet exceeds that of a free jet with identical source conditions. However, when examined in a coordinate following the jet centerline πQjet for free jets is greater. Finally, we propose a new parametrization for an existing integral model which agrees well with our experimental data as well as with data from other studies. Our findings offer the potential to tailor the dilution of horizontal buoyant jets by altering the distance at which they are released from a boundary.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 023501– Published 8 February, 2017
  • Received 3 May 2016

©2017 American Physical Society

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