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Active control of an overexpanded jet using plasma-based actuators

Anirudh Lakshmi Narasimha Prasad* and S. Unnikrishnan†

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA

  • *Contact author: al20di@fsu.edu
  • †Contact author: usasidharannair@eng.famu.fsu.edu
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 024602 – Published 10 February, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.024602

Abstract

We study the three-dimensional shear layer response of an overexpanded rectangular jet to small-perturbation-based control and associated impact on its noise field using linear analysis and implicit large-eddy simulations (ILES). Using the most receptive frequency, the rectangular shear layer is forced to excite specific circumferential vortical structures by gradually increasing the phase difference between consecutive actuators, thereby augmenting the three-dimensional characteristics of the shear layer. Upon adopting this active control strategy, the jet exhibits increased shear-layer spreading rate, shortened potential core, and smaller shock-expansion cells. While downstream noise reduction is achieved, the resulting tonal response of the overexpanded jet is higher than a perfectly expanded jet particularly in the upstream direction, due to additional shock-vortex interactions. Turbulent and acoustic signatures reveal that forcing at the third azimuthal mode of the corresponding circular jet, termed M3, has the most desirable noise impact, consistent with prior experimental observations. As identified from linear global modes and ILES, M3 forcing minimizes the tonal response of actuation, while concurrently reducing the radiative efficiency of the jet by attenuating acoustic energy in the supersonic phase-speed regime, and turbulent kinetic energy levels in the shear layer. Further, M3 forcing weakens the coherent-structure/shock interactions and curtails upstream propagating guided acoustic modes and plume flapping, thus effectively mitigating shock-associated noise and screech, respectively. The study highlights the control authority of small-perturbation actuation on the hydrodynamic and acoustic components of shocked jets, while incurring a relatively small thrust penalty of approximately one percent.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 024602– Published 10 February, 2025
  • Received 25 July 2024
  • Accepted 15 January 2025
Article part of CHORUS
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