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Countergradient diffusion of turbulent heat flux in turbulent Rayleigh flow
Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 014604 – Published 10 January, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.014604
Abstract
In a turbulent premixed flame, the gradient diffusion approximation for the turbulent scalar flux is invalid and countergradient diffusion occurs. The mechanism of countergradient diffusion needs to be clarified to improve turbulence models for turbulent scalar flux. Many processes are related to the countergradient diffusion in the turbulent premixed flame due to the interaction between turbulence and chemical reactions. In this study we focused on the effects of heat release on turbulence. To discuss this, we devised and implemented a direct numerical simulation of the turbulent Rayleigh flow (TRF) generated by isotropic turbulence flowing into the Rayleigh flow. We show that countergradient diffusion of the turbulent heat flux occurs in TRF, and we discuss its mechanism based on the transport equations of the turbulent statistical quantities. It is shown that the released heat amplifies the density-internal energy correlation, resulting in a prominent contribution from the pressure gradient effect, which results in countergradient diffusion.
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