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Crossover from shear-driven to thermally activated drainage of liquid-infused microscale capillaries

Carlos E. Colosqui1,*, Jason S. Wexler2,3, Ying Liu3, and Howard A. Stone3,†

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
  • 2Otherlab, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
  • 3Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA

  • *carlos.colosqui@stonybrook.edu
  • †hastone@princeton.edu
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 1, 064101 – Published 12 October, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.1.064101

Abstract

The shear-driven drainage of capillary grooves filled with viscous liquid is a dynamic wetting phenomenon relevant to numerous industrial processes and lubricant-infused surfaces for drag reduction and antifouling. Prior work has reported that a finite length L∞ of the capillary groove can remain indefinitely filled with liquid even when large shear stresses are applied. The mechanism preventing full drainage is attributed to a balance between the shear-driven flow and a counterflow driven by capillary pressures caused by deformation of the free surface. In this work, we examine closely the approach to the final equilibrium length L∞ and report a crossover to a slow drainage regime that cannot be described by conventional dynamic models considering solely hydrodynamic and capillary forces. The slow drainage regime observed in experiments can be instead modeled by a kinetic equation describing a sequence of random thermally activated transitions between multiple metastable states caused by surface defects with nanoscale dimensions. Our findings provide insights on the critical role that natural or engineered surface roughness with nanoscale dimensions can play in the imbibition and drainage of capillaries and other dynamic wetting processes in microscale systems.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 1, 064101– Published 12 October, 2016
  • Received 11 May 2016
Article part of CHORUS

©2016 American Physical Society

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