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Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter with logarithmic nonlinearity

Zahra Haghani1,* and Tiberiu Harko2,3,†

  • 1School of Physics, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-45667, Iran
  • 2Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 1 Kogălniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  • 3Astronomical Observatory, 19 Cireşilor Street, 400487 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

  • *Contact author: z.haghani@du.ac.ir
  • †Contact author: tiberiu.harko@aira.astro.ro
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 044005 – Published 3 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/vm6d-nf7d

Abstract

If dark matter is composed of massive bosons, a Bose-Einstein condensation process must have occurred during the cosmological evolution. Therefore, galactic dark matter may be in a form of a self-gravitating condensate, in the presence of self-interactions. We consider the possibility that the self-interacting potential of the condensate dark matter is of the logarithmic form. In order to describe the condensate dark matter we use the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a logarithmic nonlinearity, and the Thomas-Fermi approximation. With the use of the hydrodynamic representation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation we obtain the equation of state of the condensate, which has the form of the ideal gas equation of state, with the pressure proportional to the dark matter density. The basic equation describing the density distribution of the static condensate is derived, and its solution is obtained in the form of a series solution, constructed with the help of the Adomian decomposition method. To test model we consider the properties of the galactic rotation curves in the logarithmic Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter scenario, by using a sample from the Spitzer photomery and accurate rotation curves (SPARC) data. The fit of the theoretical predictions of the rotation curves with the observational data indicates that the logarithmic Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter model gives an acceptable description of the SPARC data, and thus it may be considered as a possible candidate for the in-depth understanding of the dark matter properties.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 044005– Published 3 February, 2026
  • Received 29 July 2025
  • Accepted 19 December 2025
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