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Study of gravitational radiation at 𝒥 for the general type-D Einstein-Maxwell solution with a cosmological constant

Francisco Fernández-Álvarez* and José M. M. Senovilla†

  • *Contact author: francisco.fernandez@ehu.eus
  • †Contact author: josemm.senovilla@ehu.eus
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 104017 – Published 4 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/tgpk-ktgr

Abstract

We characterize the gravitational radiation present in the general Plebański-Demiański type-D solution with cosmological constant Λ of any sign. We show that radiation escapes toward infinity if and only if the acceleration parameter is nonzero. We calculate the Cotton-York tensor and the boundary stress-energy tensor at infinity for negative Λ, and for positive Λ the D tensor that complements initial or final data at 𝒥. In addition, we recast a recent parametrization of this family of metrics into a new form by a simple homothety, correctly identifying Λ, and study the existence and regularity of the possible axes of symmetry, searching for a relation between deficit angles and radiation. We also identify the branch of general nonradiating solutions with nonvanishing Cotton-York tensor at 𝒥.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 104017– Published 4 November, 2026
  • Received 31 August 2026
  • Accepted 9 October 2026
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