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Impact of coalescence signals on the search for continuous gravitational waves with the Einstein Telescope

Elena Codazzo1,*, Lorenzo Mirasola2,†, Matteo Di Giovanni3,4,‡, Pia Astone5, Sabrina D’Antonio5, Cristiano Palomba5, Claudia Lazzaro6,1, Andrea Contu1, Alessandro Riggio6,1,7 et al.

Andrea Sanna6,1,8

  • *Contact author: elena.codazzo@ca.infn.it
  • †Contact author: l.mirasola@uib.cat
  • ‡Contact author: matteo.digiovanni@sns.it
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 023056 – Published 28 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/s7dl-t58f

Abstract

The current network of gravitational wave detectors has already revealed hundreds of compact binary coalescences (CBCs), including binary neutron stars, binary black holes, and black hole–neutron star systems. As detector sensitivity improves, the superposition of these signals is expected to form an astrophysical background that becomes increasingly relevant for future observatories. In third-generation detectors such as the Einstein Telescope (ET), this background will be most prominent at low frequencies, potentially affecting the search for continuous gravitational waves (CWs) from spinning neutron stars. In this work, we evaluate the impact of the CBC background on CW detection using the Frequency-Hough pipeline, with a focus on the low-frequency performance in ET sensitivity conditions. Through realistic simulations of the unresolved CBC background, we find that it acts as an additional noise source, most strongly affecting the detection of CW signals around 7 Hz worsening the FH sensitivity by about 7–10%.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 023056– Published 28 July, 2026
  • Received 12 May 2026
  • Accepted 25 June 2026
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