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Supercooling exit from charge supersaturation

Pietro Baratella*

  • *Contact author: pietro.bara2@gmail.com
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 063510 – Published 8 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/q5ld-kg6w

Abstract

Systems that feature a scalar field ϕ with a quasi scale invariant potential, metastable at ϕ=0, can remain trapped, during cosmic evolution, in the ‘wrong’ vacuum because the process of bubble nucleation to the true vacuum is inefficient. If ϕ carries a conserved charge Q, the presence in the system of a nonzero chemical potential for Q offers the possibility of escaping eternal supercooling; when a species decouples from the plasma the balance among the stabilizing effect of temperature and the destabilizing effect of chemical potential can change in favor of the latter, so that ϕ condenses and triggers the transition to the stable phase.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 063510– Published 8 September, 2026
  • Received 9 February 2026
  • Revised 2 July 2026
  • Accepted 13 August 2026
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