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High-energy neutrinos from cosmic-ray scatterings with supernova neutrinos

Gonzalo Herrera1,2,3,* and Shunsaku Horiuchi4,1,5,†

  • 1Center for Neutrino Physics, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
  • 2Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
  • 3Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
  • 4Department of Physics, Institute of Science Tokyo, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
  • 5Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan

  • *Contact author: gonzaloherrera@vt.edu
  • †Contact author: horiuchi@phys.sci.isct.ac.jp
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 023045 – Published 23 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/pgyx-tl6f

Abstract

Cosmic rays scattering with neutrinos produced in supernovae induce a flux of supernova neutrinos boosted to high energies. We calculate the neutrino flux arising from this new mechanism in environments with large cosmic-ray and supernova densities, such as some active galactic nuclei. Under plausible astrophysical conditions, this flux may be detectable with high-energy neutrino telescopes, just considering the proton-neutrino scattering cross section expected in the Standard Model. Furthermore, the center of mass energy of such scatterings can reach s∼10–100  TeV, where the proton-neutrino cross section may be enhanced by new physics such as extradimensional theories. The boosted neutrino signal benefits from such an enhancement in the cross section not only at the detection point on Earth, but also at production in astrophysical sources, which allows us to set novel constraints on the ultrahigh energy proton-neutrino cross section with neutrino telescopes.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 023045– Published 23 July, 2026
  • Received 27 August 2025
  • Accepted 22 June 2026
Article part of CHORUS
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