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Mass inflation or scalaron rigidity: Cauchy horizons in metric f(R) gravity

Francisco S. N. Lobo1,2,*, Maickol Muñoz-Palma3,†, and Francisco Tello-Ortiz3,‡

  • *Contact author: fslobo@ciencias.ulisboa.pt
  • †Contact author: m.munoz58@ufromail.cl
  • ‡Contact author: francisco.tello@ufrontera.cl

Phys. Rev. D 114, 084082 – Published 26 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/nv22-96hm

Abstract

We develop a double-null framework for Cauchy-horizon dynamics in metric f(R) gravity that separates ordinary mass inflation from scalaron cancellation and genuine escape from the blueshift instability. Starting from the exact spherical Hawking-mass transport equation, we show that a regular nondegenerate Cauchy horizon undergoes mass inflation whenever the effective longitudinal source is eventually nonnegative, uniformly dominates the mixed channel, and has a divergent blueshift-weighted integral. Hence bounded mass requires sufficiently strong blueshift-integrable suppression of this source or an independent competing channel. We then analyze the weaker branch in which the scalaron cancels only the leading Price-tail contribution. Under noncanceling transverse and trace asymptotics, this forces |R|→∞ and an asymptotically linear high-curvature theory, f(R)/R→F−>0, where F−≡limv→∞fR. The curvature coefficient is fixed explicitly by the transverse asymptotics. For regular model classes with a finite high-curvature fRR limit one obtains fRR→0. More sharply, every eventually viable branch with fRR>0 is forced to R→−∞ and Λ∞>−1; the standard scalaron mass parameter then diverges, while an additional differentiable rate condition yields msc2∼F/(3fRR)→+∞. In the Einstein frame the scalaron null kinetic contribution is non-negative, so the Jordan-frame cancellation cannot be interpreted as negative scalaron null energy. The result is a local rigidity classification rather than a global theorem of strong cosmic censorship.

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