Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Strong CP phase and the PMNS phase in Dirac left-right symmetry

Vladimir Tello

Phys. Rev. D 114, 095016 – Published 6 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/mmvw-gcct

Abstract

Left-right symmetric theories with generalized parity restrict the bare QCD angle to a CP-conserving value and relate the physical strong-CP phase θ¯ to a CP-odd parity-breaking parameter ε. We show that, in the Dirac-neutrino realization, imposing a sectorial reality condition on the Dirac lepton Yukawa matrices turns observable leptonic CP violation from an independent input into a branch-dependent prediction. Parity reconstructs the right-handed leptonic mixing matrix, whereas leptonic reality requires it to be rephasing-equivalent to the complex conjugate of the left-handed one. For generic three-generation Yukawas, compatibility is equivalent to the vanishing of a single Jarlskog-type CP-odd invariant. In the physical Dirac hierarchy, for fixed oscillation data, mass ordering, and discrete leptonic branch, compatibility determines the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) Jarlskog invariant as a function of the lightest neutrino mass and ε. We derive its leading analytic behavior and obtain the nonlinear compatibility branches numerically. In compressed mixed-sign Dirac-neutrino spectra, small signed mass sums can amplify a tiny parity deformation into order-one values of the normalized PMNS Jarlskog invariant, including maximal CP violation. The corresponding quark reconstruction independently provides a calculable, branch-dependent conversion between ε and θ¯. Together, the leptonic and quark relations define a family of correlations among leptonic CP violation, the absolute neutrino mass scale, and strong CP.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (49)

  1. N. Cabibbo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10, 531 (1963).
  2. M. Kobayashi and T. Maskawa, Prog. Theor. Phys. 49, 652 (1973).
  3. F. Takahashi et al. (Particle Data Group), Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 41, 2630011 (2026).
  4. G. ’t Hooft, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 8 (1976).
  5. R. J. Crewther, P. Di Vecchia, G. Veneziano, and E. Witten, Phys. Lett. 88B, 123 (1979); 91B, 487(E) (1980).
  6. C. Abel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 081803 (2020).
  7. B. Pontecorvo, Sov. Phys. JETP 6, 429 (1958),https://jetp.ras.ru/files/pontecorvo1957_en.pdf.
  8. Z. Maki, M. Nakagawa, and S. Sakata, Prog. Theor. Phys. 28, 870 (1962).
  9. S. Abubakar et al. (T2K and NOvA Collaborations), Nature (London) 646, 818 (2025).
  10. J. C. Pati and A. Salam, Phys. Rev. D 10, 275 (1974); 11, 703(E) (1975).
  11. R. N. Mohapatra and J. C. Pati, Phys. Rev. D 11, 2558 (1975).
  12. G. Senjanovic and R. N. Mohapatra, Phys. Rev. D 12, 1502 (1975).
  13. G. Senjanovic, Nucl. Phys. B153, 334 (1979).
  14. R. N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanovic, Phys. Lett. 79B, 283 (1978).
  15. M. A. B. Beg and H. S. Tsao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 278 (1978).
  16. S. M. Barr, D. Chang, and G. Senjanovic, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2765 (1991).
  17. Y. Zhang, H. An, X. Ji, and R. N. Mohapatra, Nucl. Phys. B802, 247 (2008).
  18. G. Senjanović and V. Tello, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 071801 (2015).
  19. G. Senjanović and V. Tello, Phys. Rev. D 94, 095023 (2016).
  20. A. Maiezza and M. Nemevšek, Phys. Rev. D 90, 095002 (2014).
  21. S. Bertolini, A. Maiezza, and F. Nesti, Phys. Rev. D 101, 035036 (2020).
  22. V. Tello, Phys. Rev. D 113, 115060 (2026).
  23. R. N. Mohapatra, F. E. Paige, and D. P. Sidhu, Phys. Rev. D 17, 2462 (1978).
  24. R. N. Mohapatra and D. P. Sidhu, Phys. Rev. D 17, 1876 (1978).
  25. G. C. Branco, J. M. Frère, and J. M. Gérard, Nucl. Phys. B221, 317 (1983).
  26. D. Chang, Nucl. Phys. B214, 435 (1983).
  27. G. Ecker, W. Grimus, and H. Neufeld, Nucl. Phys. B247, 70 (1984).
  28. G. C. Branco and G. Senjanovic, Phys. Rev. D 18, 1621 (1978).
  29. L. Vecchi, arXiv:2507.10680.
  30. M. Pospelov and A. Ritz, Ann. Phys. (Amsterdam) 318, 119 (2005).
  31. J. Engel, M. J. Ramsey-Musolf, and U. van Kolck, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 71, 21 (2013).
  32. R. D. Peccei and H. R. Quinn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 1440 (1977).
  33. R. D. Peccei and H. R. Quinn, Phys. Rev. D 16, 1791 (1977).
  34. C. Jarlskog, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1039 (1985).
  35. C. Jarlskog, Z. Phys. C 29, 491 (1985).
  36. G. C. Branco and M. N. Rebelo, Phys. Lett. B 173, 313 (1986).
  37. A. Maiezza, M. Nemevsek, F. Nesti, and G. Senjanovic, Phys. Rev. D 82, 055022 (2010).
  38. V. Bernard, S. Descotes-Genon, and L. Vale Silva, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2020) 088.
  39. I. Esteban, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, M. Maltoni, I. Martinez-Soler, J. P. Pinheiro, and T. Schwetz, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2024) 216.
  40. I. Esteban, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, M. Maltoni, I. Martinez-Soler, J. P. Pinheiro, and T. Schwetz, NuFIT v6.1: Three-neutrino fit based on data available in November 2025 (2025), accessed 6 August 2026, https://www.nu-fit.org/?q=node/309.
  41. M. Aker et al. (KATRIN Collaboration), Science 388, 180 (2025).
  42. W. Elbers et al., Phys. Rev. D 112, 083513 (2025).
  43. M. Lindner, M. Ratz, and M. A. Schmidt, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2005) 081.
  44. K. Abe et al. (Hyper-Kamiokande Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. C 86, 170 (2026).
  45. B. Abi et al. (DUNE Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 978 (2020).
  46. A. Alekou et al. (ESSnuSB Collaboration), Universe 9, 347 (2023).
  47. A. A. Esfahani et al. (Project 8 Collaboration), arXiv:2203.07349.
  48. N. J. Ayres et al. (n2EDM Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 512 (2021).
  49. S. Antusch, K. Hinze, and S. Saad, Phys. Rev. D 113, 095011 (2026).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation