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Runway to dissipation of angular momentum via worldline quantum field theory

Gustav Uhre Jakobsen* and Kathrin Stoldt†

  • *Contact author: gustav.uhre.jakobsen@physik.hu-berlin.de
  • †Contact author: kathrin.stoldt@physik.hu-berlin.de
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 064020 – Published 8 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lx72-nz9r

Abstract

We extend the worldline quantum field theory formalism to include a direct diagrammatic method of computing the total flux of angular momentum from a black hole scattering event in the post-Minkowskian regime. Remarkably, except for subtle zero-frequency gravitons, the diagrammatic and integrational challenge is in a one-to-one correspondence with the analogous calculation of the black hole impulses—and the well-developed worldline quantum field theory (WQFT) methodologies for the impulse may thus be directly imported to this problem. Zero-frequency gravitons appear in this calculation as a “static” integration region in addition to the “dynamical” region usually encountered for the impulse. We show that a large class of static contributions can be organized systematically by introducing n-point functions referred to as “static correlators.” They reduce to a simple one-loop integral family which we compute explicitly using integration-by-parts relations and the method of differential equations. In passing, our analysis shows that static contributions disappear in space-time dimensions D>4. As a concrete application of our new method, we compute explicitly the O(G3) total flux of angular momentum reproducing known results. Further, we apply the same method to electromagnetism where we compute the analogous O(α3) result.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 064020– Published 8 September, 2026
  • Received 15 June 2026
  • Accepted 29 July 2026
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