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Leading-twist to higher-twist generalized parton distributions of the pseudoscalar mesons at nonzero skewness

Abi Jebarson A*, Navpreet Kaur†, and Harleen Dahiya‡

  • *Contact author: abijebarson@gmail.com
  • †Contact author: knavpreet.hep@gmail.com
  • ‡Contact author: dahiyah@nitj.ac.in
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 074056 – Published 26 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lhpl-57zd

Abstract

We investigate the multidimensional partonic structure of spin-0 mesons, specifically the pion and the kaon, by evaluating their complete set of eight generalized parton distributions (GPDs) up to twist-4. Utilizing the light-front quark model (LFQM) with the Brodsky-Huang-Lepage prescription, we compute these distributions in the kinematically rich nonzero skewness (ξ≠0) domain, strictly within the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi region, x∈[ξ,1]. To construct a three-dimensional tomographic picture, we perform Fourier transforms of the momentum-space GPDs to obtain the impact-parameter-dependent parton distribution functions in the transverse plane and the corresponding diffraction patterns in the longitudinal coordinate space. The numerical results explicitly reveal the consequences of SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking in the LFQM, as the strange quark in the kaon dynamically shifts spatial localizations compared to the lighter up quarks. We also observe that while higher-twist correlations exhibit massive amplitude scaling in the pion, they are heavily suppressed by the larger macroscopic mass of the kaon.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 074056– Published 26 October, 2026
  • Received 3 July 2026
  • Accepted 7 October 2026
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