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Direct waves in black hole binary mergers: Insights from the backward one-body model

Anuj Kankani* and Sean T. McWilliams

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA and Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University, Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA

  • *Contact author: anuj.kankani@mail.wvu.edu

Phys. Rev. D 114, 084025 – Published 7 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/kjjd-nk8f

Abstract

The merger-ringdown radiation from a black hole binary merger is accurately modeled by a sum of linear quasinormal modes. Recently, the “direct wave” component of the radiation, associated with prompt emission from a plunging perturber, has been identified. Motivated by the behavior of null geodesics perturbed from the remnant light ring, the backward one-body (BOB) approach has been shown to model the full merger-ringdown radiation to high accuracy while using only a minimal number of parameters. In this work, using the Pöschl-Teller potential, we first show how the BOB amplitude evolution can be recovered from the quasinormal mode pole contributions. We then apply rational filters to BOB and numerical relativity waveforms. We show that the BOB rational filter residual agrees well with the numerical relativity rational filter residual, possibly helping explaining its accuracy near the waveform peak. Finally, we show that the direct wave frequency follows a different spin dependence than the horizon frequency, even for high spin remnants, and instead tracks the news frequency at the time of the peak news amplitude.

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