- Access by Xinjiang University
Falsifiable anthropic model from the string landscape
Phys. Rev. D 114, 083538 – Published 26 October, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jp2f-73cb
Abstract
We combine the axiverse with a negative cosmological constant , both originating from the string landscape, and apply an observation-time-weighted anthropic argument. Adopting a uniform prior on and a typical string-motivated axion decay constant comparable to the reduced Planck scale, this framework predicts a probability of observing , thereby naturally resolving the long-standing fine-tuning and coincidence problems of dark energy. Unlike many scalar-field dark energy models, the anthropic Lambda-axion universe (ALAverse) statistically disfavors slow-roll dynamics, as slow-roll requires fine-tuning of the initial field displacement. Moreover, the negative cosmological constant renders fast-roll scenarios anthropically unfavorable, since they typically yield only a very brief observational window with positive dark energy density. Having ruled out both extremes, the ALAverse characteristically predicts a moderate-roll dynamics. We derive a two-parameter parametrization in terms of and that covers ALAverse solutions as well as a broad class of canonical and phantom field models. Current observational data yield , corresponding to a rejection of () and single-field thawing phantom models (). The data also show a mild preference for the ALAverse over slow-roll quintessence, a trend that can be conclusively tested with future high-precision measurements of the Hubble diagram.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (48)
- A. G. Riess et al., Astron. J. 116, 1009 (1998).
- S. Perlmutter et al. (The Supernova Cosmology Project), Astrophys. J. 517, 565 (1999).
- N. Aghanim, Y. Akrami, M. Ashdown et al., Astron. Astrophys. 641, A6 (2020).
- S. Weinberg, Rev. Mod. Phys. 61, 1 (1989).
- S. Kachru, R. Kallosh, A. Linde, and S. P. Trivedi, Phys. Rev. D 68, 046005 (2003).
- B. Carter, in Confrontation of Cosmological Theories with Observational Data, IAU Symposium Vol. 63, edited by M. S. Longair (D. Reidel, Dordrecht, 1974), pp. 291–298.
- S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2607 (1987).
- I. Zlatev, L. Wang, and P. J. Steinhardt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 896 (1999).
- J. Preskill, M. B. Wise, and F. Wilczek, Phys. Lett. 120B, 127 (1983).
- L. F. Abbott and P. Sikivie, Phys. Lett. 120B, 133 (1983).
- M. Dine and W. Fischler, Phys. Lett. 120B, 137 (1983).
- A. Arvanitaki, S. Dimopoulos, S. Dubovsky, N. Kaloper, and J. March-Russell, Phys. Rev. D 81, 123530 (2010).
- K. Freese, J. A. Frieman, and A. V. Olinto, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 3233 (1990).
- S. D. Odintsov and V. K. Oikonomou, Phys. Rev. D 99, 104070 (2019).
- U. H. Danielsson and T. V. Riet, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 27, 1830007–298 (2018).
- K. Murai and F. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. D 112, 103501 (2025).
- H. N. Luu, Y.-C. Qiu, and S.-H. H. Tye, Phys. Rev. D 112, 023524 (2025).
- G. D. Starkman and R. Trotta, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 201301 (2006).
- T. Sudoh, T. Totani, R. Makiya, and M. Nagashima, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 464, 1563 (2017).
- D. Sorini, J. A. Peacock, and L. Lombriser, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 535, 1449 (2024).
- H. N. Luu, Y.-C. Qiu, and S.-H. H. Tye, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 09 (2025) 055.
- G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 274, L73 (1995).
- J. Garriga, M. Livio, and A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rev. D 61, 023503 (1999).
- J. A. Peacock, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 379, 1067 (2007).
- R. Bousso and S. Leichenauer, Phys. Rev. D 81, 063524 (2010).
- L. A. Barnes, P. J. Elahi, J. Salcido, R. G. Bower, G. F. Lewis, T. Theuns, M. Schaller, R. A. Crain, and J. Schaye, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 477, 3727 (2018).
- J. Salcido, R. G. Bower, L. A. Barnes, G. F. Lewis, P. J. Elahi, T. Theuns, M. Schaller, R. A. Crain, and J. Schaye, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 477, 3744 (2018).
- B. K. Oh, J. A. Peacock, S. Khochfar, and B. D. Smith, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 517, 59 (2022).
- J. E. Gunn and J. R. Gott III, Astrophys. J. 176, 1 (1972).
- W. H. Press and P. Schechter, Astrophys. J. 187, 425 (1974).
- Z. Huang, J. R. Bond, and L. Kofman, Astrophys. J. 726, 64 (2011).
- H. Miao and Z. Huang, Astrophys. J. 868, 20 (2018).
- Z. Huang, Phys. Rev. D 104, 103533 (2021).
- M. Abdul Karim, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen et al., Phys. Rev. D 112, 083515 (2025).
- N. Aghanim, Y. Akrami, M. Ashdown et al., Astron. Astrophys. 641, A5 (2020).
- E. Rosenberg, S. Gratton, and G. Efstathiou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 517, 4620 (2022).
- J. Carron, M. Mirmelstein, and A. Lewis, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 09 (2022) 039.
- B. Popovic, P. Shah, W. D. Kenworthy et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 548, stag632 (2026).
- J. Torrado and A. Lewis, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 05 (2021) 057.
- A. Lewis and S. Bridle, Phys. Rev. D 66, 103511 (2002).
- R. M. Neal, arXiv:math/0502099.
- A. Lewis, Phys. Rev. D 87, 103529 (2013).
- A. Lewis, A. Challinor, and A. Lasenby, Astrophys. J. 538, 473 (2000).
- C. Howlett, A. Lewis, A. Hall, and A. Challinor, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 04 (2012) 027.
- M. Chevallier and D. Polarski, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 10, 213 (2001).
- E. V. Linder, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 091301 (2003).
- R. Reischke, B. Stölzner, B. Joachimi et al., Astron. Astrophys. 709, A82 (2026).
- H. Akaike, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control AC-19, 716 (1974).