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Static quark-antiquark interactions in rotating SU(3) gluodynamics

Heng-Tong Ding1, Olaf Kaczmarek2, Ran Luo1, and Hai-Tao Shu1

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 094501 – Published 4 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jf2z-7ws8

Abstract

We study static quark-antiquark interactions in rotating SU(3) gluodynamics using quenched lattice simulations at imaginary angular velocity. At zero temperature, we extract the static potential from Wilson loops for quark-antiquark pairs aligned with the rotation axis, for transverse pairs with one source on the rotation axis, and for symmetric transverse pairs across the rotation axis. Within the present accuracy, no significant rotation dependence or anisotropy is observed in the zero-temperature potential. At finite temperature, imaginary rotation suppresses the color-averaged free energies obtained from Polyakov-loop correlators in both longitudinal and transverse geometries. Axial-diagonal comparisons are used to identify a bulk region where open-boundary artifacts are reduced. In this region, the large-distance longitudinal free-energy shift is well described by ΔFz(Rxy)=ARxy2+B. The transverse channels exhibit the same qualitative suppression, while their distance dependence additionally reflects the radial arrangement of the static sources and is compatible with a radial single-source free-energy shift in the bulk region. For the finite-temperature observables studied above Tc, the response weakens as the temperature is increased. These results provide lattice evidence for a position- and geometry-dependent response of bare static-source free energies to imaginary rotation in a gluonic medium.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 094501– Published 4 November, 2026
  • Received 30 July 2026
  • Accepted 24 September 2026
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