Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Worldsheet CFT2 and celestial CFT2: An AdS3CFT2 perspective

Shamik Banerjee1,2,*, Nishant Gupta1,†, and Sagnik Misra1,2,‡

  • *Contact author: banerjeeshamik.phy@gmail.com
  • Contact author: nishantgupta.phy@gmail.com
  • Contact author: sagnik.misra@niser.ac.in

Phys. Rev. D 114, 046001 – Published 3 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hxq4-172y

Abstract

Celestial CFTd with symmetry group ISO(d+1,1) is the putative dual of quantum gravity in asymptotically flat (d+2) dimensional space time. We argue that a class of d dimensional field theories with symmetry group ISO(d+1,1), refereed to as Poincaré CFTd, can be engineered via AdSd+1CFTd correspondence. Celestial and Poincaré CFTd may share common features determined by the kinematics because they have the same symmetry group. So understanding Poincaré CFTs may help us better understand some features of celestial CFTs. Our argument is based on the observation that if we zoom in near the boundary of (Euclidean) AdSd+1 then the conformal isometry group of EAdSd+1, which is SO(d+2,1), contracts to the Poincaré group ISO(d+1,1). This suggests that the near boundary scaling limit of a theory of conformal gravity on EAdSd+1 should be dual to a boundary CFTd with ISO(d+1,1) symmetry. This dual CFTd is an example of a Poincaré CFTd. Similarly, if we have a nonconformal theory of gravity on EAdSd+1 then the near boundary scaling limit of such a theory is dual to a Poincaré CFTd with only [SO(d+1,1)] Lorentz invariance. This class of less symmetric Poincaré CFTd is analogous to celestial CFTd which computes the leaf amplitudes. Now following this logic we discuss, among other things, the near boundary scaling limit of the bosonic string theory on Euclidean AdS3 in the presence of the NS-NS B field. The AdS3 part of the world sheet theory is free in this limit and has been studied in the literature in different contexts. This limit describes a “long string” which wraps the (Euclidean) AdS3 boundary and it has been argued that the space-time CFT2 which describes the radial fluctuations of a long string is a Liouville CFT. According to our proposal, the dual CFT2 which describes the long string sector is an example of a Poincaré CFT2 with only [SO(3,1)] Lorentz invariance. We do not get a full ISO(3,1) invariant Poincaré CFT2 in this way because the string theory does not have target space conformal invariance.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (53)

  1. A. Strominger, Lectures on the infrared structure of gravity and gauge theory, arXiv:1703.05448.
  2. S. Pasterski, Lectures on celestial amplitudes, Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 1062 (2021).
  3. L. Donnay, Celestial holography: An asymptotic symmetry perspective, Phys. Rep. 1073, 1 (2024).
  4. J. de Boer and S. N. Solodukhin, A holographic reduction of minkowski space-time, Nucl. Phys. B665, 545 (2003).
  5. S. Pasterski, S. H. Shao, and A. Strominger, Flat space amplitudes and conformal symmetry of the celestial sphere, Phys. Rev. D 96, 065026 (2017).
  6. S. Pasterski and S. H. Shao, Conformal basis for flat space amplitudes, Phys. Rev. D 96, 065022 (2017).
  7. S. Banerjee, Null infinity and unitary representation of the Poincaré group, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2019) 205.
  8. S. Banerjee, S. Ghosh, P. Pandey, and A. P. Saha, Modified celestial amplitude in Einstein gravity, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2020) 125.
  9. S. Pasterski, M. Pate, and A. M. Raclariu, Celestial holography, arXiv:2111.11392.
  10. W. Melton, A. Sharma, and A. Strominger, Celestial leaf amplitudes, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2024) 132.
  11. W. Fan, A. Fotopoulos, S. Stieberger, T. R. Taylor, and B. Zhu, Elements of celestial conformal field theory, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2022) 213.
  12. S. Stieberger, T. R. Taylor, and B. Zhu, Yang-Mills as a liouville theory, Phys. Lett. B 846, 138229 (2023).
  13. W. Melton, A. Sharma, A. Strominger, and T. Wang, Celestial dual for maximal helicity violating amplitudes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 091603 (2024).
  14. L. Donnay, G. Giribet, and B. Valsesia, MHV leaf amplitudes from parafermions, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2025) 234.
  15. C. Duval, G. W. Gibbons, and P. A. Horvathy, Conformal Carroll groups, J. Phys. A 47, 335204 (2014).
  16. L. Ciambelli, R. G. Leigh, C. Marteau, and P. M. Petropoulos, Carroll structures, null geometry and conformal isometries, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 046010.
  17. J.-M. Lévy-Leblond, Une nouvelle limite nonrelativiste du groupe de Poincaré, Ann. Inst. H. Poincare Phys. Theor. A 3, 1 (1965).
  18. N. D. Sen Gupta, On an analogue of the Galilei group, Nuovo Cimento A 44, 512 (1966).
  19. A. Bagchi, R. Basu, A. Kakkar, and A. Mehra, Flat holography: Aspects of the dual field theory, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2016) 147.
  20. J. de Boer, J. Hartong, N. A. Obers, W. Sybesma, and S. Vandoren, Carroll stories, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2023) 148.
  21. D. Grumiller and M. Riegler, Carrollian c functions and flat space holographic RG flows in BMS3/CCFT2, Phys. Rev. D 108, 126008 (2023).
  22. A. Aggarwal, A. Bagchi, S. Detournay, D. Grumiller, M. Riegler, and J. Simon, Universal sectors of two-dimensional Carrollian CFTs, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2025) 039.
  23. A. Bagchi, D. Grumiller, and P. Nandi, Carrollian superconformal theories and super BMS, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2022) 044.
  24. N. Gupta and N. V. Suryanarayana, Constructing Carrollian CFTs, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2021) 194.
  25. D. Hansen, N. A. Obers, G. Oling, and B. T. Søgaard, Carroll expansion of general relativity, SciPost Phys. 13, 055 (2022).
  26. L. Ciambelli, C. Marteau, A. C. Petkou, P. M. Petropoulos, and K. Siampos, Flat holography and Carrollian fluids, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2018) 165.
  27. A. Bagchi, S. Banerjee, R. Basu, and S. Dutta, Scattering amplitudes: Celestial and carrollian, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 241601 (2022).
  28. L. Donnay, A. Fiorucci, Y. Herfray, and R. Ruzziconi, Carrollian perspective on celestial holography, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 071602 (2022).
  29. L. Donnay, A. Fiorucci, Y. Herfray, and R. Ruzziconi, Bridging carrollian and celestial holography, Phys. Rev. D 107, 126027 (2023).
  30. L. Mason, R. Ruzziconi, and A. Yelleshpur Srikant, Carrollian amplitudes and celestial symmetries, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2024) 012.
  31. A. Bagchi, A. Banerjee, P. Dhivakar, S. Mondal, and A. Shukla, The Carrollian kaleidoscope, Eur. Phys. J. C 86, 429 (2026).
  32. L. Ciambelli, Dynamics of Carrollian scalar fields, Classical Quantum Gravity 41 (2024) 165011.
  33. S. Baiguera, G. Oling, W. Sybesma, and B. T. Søgaard, Conformal Carroll scalars with boosts, SciPost Phys. 14, 086 (2023).
  34. D. Rivera-Betancour and M. Vilatte, Revisiting the Carrollian scalar field, Phys. Rev. D 106 (2022) 085004.
  35. A. Bagchi, A. Banerjee, S. Dutta, K. S. Kolekar, and P. Sharma, Carroll covariant scalar fields in two dimensions, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2023) 072.
  36. N. Gupta and N. V. Suryanarayana, A chiral Λbms4 symmetry of AdS4 gravity, Nucl. Phys. B1010, 116759 (2025).
  37. S. Banerjee, S. Ghosh, and R. Gonzo, BMS symmetry of celestial OPE, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2020) 130.
  38. A. Giveon, D. Kutasov, and N. Seiberg, Comments on string theory on AdS(3), Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 733 (1998).
  39. J. de Boer, H. Ooguri, H. Robins, and J. Tannenhauser, String theory on AdS(3), J. High Energy Phys. 12 (1998) 026.
  40. J. M. Maldacena and H. Ooguri, Strings in AdS(3) and SL(2,R) WZW model 1.: The spectrum, J. Math. Phys. (N.Y.) 42, 2929 (2001).
  41. N. Seiberg and E. Witten, The D1 / D5 system and singular CFT, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (1999) 017.
  42. L. Eberhardt and M. R. Gaberdiel, String theory on AdS3 and the symmetric orbifold of Liouville theory, Nucl. Phys. B948, 114774 (2019).
  43. B. Knighton, Deriving the long-string CFT in AdS3, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2025) 260.
  44. N. Ogawa, S. Takahashi, T. Tsuda, and T. Waki, Celestial CFT from H3+-WZW model, arXiv:2404.12049.
  45. I. Mol, Partial differential equations for MHV celestial amplitudes in Liouville theory, arXiv:2409.05936.
  46. I. Mol, Comments on celestial CFT and AdS3 string theory, arXiv:2410.02620.
  47. I. Mol, An AdS3 dual for supersymmetric MHV celestial amplitudes, arXiv:2411.14311.
  48. S. Stieberger and T. R. Taylor, Strings on celestial sphere, Nucl. Phys. B935, 388 (2018).
  49. X. Kervyn and S. Stieberger, High energy string theory and the celestial sphere, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2025) 044.
  50. J. M. Maldacena, H. Ooguri, and J. Son, Strings in AdS(3) and the SL(2,R) WZW model. Part 2. Euclidean black hole, J. Math. Phys. (N.Y.) 42, 2961 (2001).
  51. J. M. Maldacena and H. Ooguri, Strings in AdS(3) and the SL(2,R) WZW model. Part 3. Correlation functions, Phys. Rev. D 65, 106006 (2002).
  52. L. Eberhardt, M. R. Gaberdiel, and R. Gopakumar, Deriving the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2020) 136.
  53. J. D. Brown and M. Henneaux, Central charges in the canonical realization of asymptotic symmetries: An example from three dimensional gravity, Commun. Math. Phys. 104, 207 (1986).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation