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Relativistic dynamics of charmonia in strong magnetic fields

Liuyuan Wen1, Meijian Li2, Yiyu Zhou3,4, Yang Li1,5, and James P. Vary6

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 014019 – Published 8 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/dnq8-ncd7

Abstract

We investigate the properties of charmonium systems in strong external magnetic fields using a relativistic light-front Hamiltonian approach within the basis light-front quantization framework. By solving the eigenvalue problem for the invariant mass squared operator with confinement potentials and one-gluon-exchange interactions, we obtain the mass spectrum and wave functions under varying magnetic fields. Our results reveal significant spectral modifications through the Zeeman effect, including ηc−J/ψ mixing and magnetic sublevel splitting. Momentum density analysis demonstrates wave function deformation, with transverse momentum broadening and longitudinal narrowing under strong fields, alongside structural shifts in parton distributions such as double-hump profiles in excited states. Relativistic corrections and center-of-mass coupling critically drive these dynamics, highlighting the necessity of a relativistic framework for QCD bound states in extreme magnetic environments.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 014019– Published 8 July, 2025
  • Received 4 April 2025
  • Accepted 18 June 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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