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Constraints on ultralight bosons from merging binary and remnant black holes observed during the second and third parts of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run

A. G. Abac1, A. Abe2, I. Abouelfettouh3, F. Acernese4,5, K. Ackley6, A. Adam7, S. Adhicary8, D. Adhikari9,10, R. X. Adhikari11 et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, and KAGRA Collaboration)

R. X. Adhikari11, V. K. Adkins12, S. Afroz13, A. Agapito14, D. Agarwal15, M. Agathos16, N. Aggarwal17, S. Aggarwal18, O. D. Aguiar19, I.-L. Ahrend20, L. Aiello21,22, A. Ain23, P. Ajith24, T. Akutsu25,26, L. Albers27, W. Ali28,29, S. Al-Kershi9,10, C. Allene30, A. Allocca31,5, S. Al-Shammari32, J. A. Alvarez33, S. Alvarez-Lopez34, W. Amar35, O. Amarasinghe32, A. Amato36,37, F. Amicucci38,39, C. Amra40, A. B. Anand33, C. Anand41, A. Ananyeva11, S. B. Anderson11, W. G. Anderson11, M. Andia42, M. Ando43,44, F. Andrade-Oliveira45, M. Andrés-Carcasona34, J. L. Andrey46, T. Andrić47,48, J. Anglin49, J. Anna50, J. M. Antelis51, S. Antier42, T. Aoki52, M. Aoumi53, E. Z. Appavuravther9,10, E. A. Appelt54, S. Appert11, S. K. Apple55, K. Arai11, A. Araya56, M. C. Araya11, F. Arciprete21,22, J. S. Areeda57, N. Aritomi58, F. Armato28,29, S. Armstrong59, N. Arnaud60, M. Arogeti61, S. M. Aronson49, K. G. Arun62, G. Ashton63, Y. Aso53,64, L. Asprea65, M. Assiduo66,67, S. Assis de Souza Melo68, S. M. Aston69, P. Astone38, P. S. Aswathi70, F. Attadio39,38, F. Aubin71, K. AultONeal50, G. Avallone4, N. Avdeev65, E. A. Avila51, S. Babak20, C. Badger72, S. Bae73, S. Bagnasco65, S. Baimukhametova74,75, L. Baiotti76, T. Baka77,37, K. A. Baker7, T. Baker78, G. Balbi79, G. Baldi80,81, N. Baldicchi82,83, M. Ball84, G. Ballardin68, M. Ballelli47,48, S. W. Ballmer85, S. Banagiri41, B. Banerjee47, D. Bankar86, T. M. Baptiste12, P. Baral87, M. Baratti88,89, J. C. Barayoga11, K. Baric11, B. C. Barish11, D. Barker3, N. Barman86, F. Barone90,5, B. Barr91, M. Barrios33, L. Barsotti34, M. Barsuglia20, D. Barta92, M. A. Barton91, I. Bartos49, A. Basalaev9,10, R. Bassiri93, A. Basti89,88, M. Bawaj82,83, J. C. Bayley91, A. C. Baylor87, P. A. Baynard, II61, M. Bazzan94,95, V. M. Bedakihale96, F. Beirnaert97, M. Bejger98, A. S. Bell91, C. Bellani99, D. S. Bellie100, D. Beltran-Martinez101, E. Benedetti38, W. Benoit18, I. Bentara60, M. Ben Yaala59, S. Bera102, F. Bergamin32, B. K. Berger93, M. Beroiz11, I. Berry103, D. Bersanetti28, T. Bertheas104, A. Bertolini37,36, J. Betzwieser69, D. Beveridge7, N. Bevins105, J. Bezerra-Sobrinho106, R. Bhandare107, R. Bhatt11, A. Bhattacharjee108, D. Bhattacharjee109,110, S. Bhattacharyya111, S. Bhaumik112, V. Biancalana113, F. Bianchi83, I. A. Bilenko114, M. Bilicki115, G. Billingsley11, A. Binetti99, S. Bini11, S. Biot116, O. Birnholtz117, S. Biscoveanu118, A. Bisht10, M. Bitossi68,88, M.-A. Bizouard119, S. Blaber120, J. K. Blackburn11, L. A. Blagg121, C. D. Blair7,69, D. G. Blair7, M. Bloch122, N. Bode9,10, N. Boettner27, P. Bogdan123, G. Boileau119, M. Boldrini68, G. N. Bolingbroke124, L. D. Bonavena49, V. A. Bonhomme34, E. Bonilla93, M. S. Bonilla57, A. Bonino84, R. Bonnand35,125, A. Borchers9,10, N. Borghi126,79, V. Boschi88, S. Bose127, V. Bossilkov69, Y. Bothra37,128, A. Boudon60, T. D. Boybeyi18, M. Boyle129, A. Bozzi68, C. Bradaschia88, M. J. Brady130, P. R. Brady87, A. Branch69, M. Branchesi47,48, T. Briant131, A. Brillet119,a, M. Brinkmann9,10, P. Brockill87, E. Brockmueller9,10, A. F. Brooks11, D. D. Brown124, M. L. Brozzetti82,83, S. Brunett11, G. Bruno15, R. Bruntz123, J. Bryant132, Y. Bu133, F. Bucci67, A. Buchicchio39, A. Buggiani68, O. Bulashenko134,135, T. Bulik136, H. J. Bulten37, A. Buonanno137,1, K. Burtnyk3, R. Buscicchio138,139, N. Busdon94, D. Buskulic35, R. L. Byer93, R. Cabrita15, V. A. Cáceres-Barbosa8, L. Cadonati61, G. Cagnoli94, C. Cahillane85, A. Calafat84, J. Calderón Bustillo140, J. D. Callaghan91, T. A. Callister141, E. Calloni31,5, S. R. Callos121, K. Cannon44, V. Cantory18, H. Cao34, L. A. Capistran142, E. Capocasa20, G. Capoccia83, E. Capote3, C. Capuano85, G. Capurri89,88, F. Carbognani68, K. J. Cardona-Martínez12, M. Carlassara9,10, M. Carpinelli138,68, G. Carrillo121, G. Carullo132, A. Casallas-Lagos143, J. Casanueva Diaz68, C. Casentini144,22, S. Caudill145, M. Cavaglià110, R. Cavalieri68, A. Ceja100, G. Cella88, P. Cerdá-Durán146,147, E. Cesarini22, N. Chabbra70, W. Chaibi119, A. Chakraborty13, P. Chakraborty9,10, S. Chakraborty107, S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya27, C. Chan148, J. C. L. Chan149, M. Chan120, C.-Y. Chang150, K. Chang151, S. Chao151, P. Charlton152, E. Chassande-Mottin20, C. Chatterjee54, Debarati Chatterjee86, Deep Chatterjee34, M. Chaturvedi107, S. Chaty20, A. Chen153, A. H.-Y. Chen154, D. Chen155, H. Chen150, H. Y. Chen156, S. Chen54, Yanbei Chen157, Yiwen Chen18, G. Cheng153, H. P. Cheng103, P. Chessa82,83, T. Cheunchitra133, H. T. Cheung158, S. Y. Cheung41, F. Chiadini159,160, G. Chiarini9,10, A. Chiba161, A. Chincarini28, D. Chintala109, A. Chiummo5,68, A. Chopra47, C. Chou162, S. Choudhary7, N. Christensen119,163, Y. K. Chu87, S. S. Y. Chua70, G. Ciani80,81, P. Ciecielag98, M. Cieślar136, M. Cifaldi22, B. Cirok164, F. Clara3, J. A. Clark11,61, T. A. Clarke118, A. Claveus165, M. R. Claypool121, S. Clesse116, F. Cleva119, S. M. Clyne130, E. Coccia47,48,166, E. Codazzo167, P.-F. Cohadon131, D. E. Cohen9,10, E. Colangeli78, O. Cole148, M. Colleoni84, C. G. Collette168, J. Collins69, S. Colloms91, A. Colombo38,169, G. Compère116, C. M. Compton3, G. Connolly121, L. Conti95, T. R. Corbitt12, I. Cordero-Carrión170, S. Corezzi82,83, N. J. Cornish171, A. Corsi172, S. Cortese68, L. A. Corubolo21,22, L. Cotnoir123, R. Cottingham69, J. A. Cotturone100, M. W. Coughlin18, P. Couvares11,61, R. Coyne130, A. Cozzumbo47, J. D. E. Creighton87, T. D. Creighton173, S. Crook69, R. Crouch3, J. Csizmazia3, K. Csukás92, T. J. Cullen11, A. Cumming91, E. Cuoco126,79, M. Cusinato146, R. R. Cuzinatto174, L. V. da Conceição175, T. Dal Canton42, S. Dall’Osso79,126, S. Dal Pra176, G. Dálya104, Y. Dang8, B. D’Angelo28, S. Danilishin36,37, O. Danner108, S. D’Antonio38, K. Danzmann9,10, K. E. Darroch123, L. P. Dartez69, R. Das111, S. Das86, A. Dasgupta96, V. Dattilo68, A. Daumas20, I. Dave107, A. Davenport177, T. F. Davies7, D. Davis130, M. C. Davis18, P. Davis178,179, E. J. Daw180, M. Dax1, J. De Bolle97, E. deBruin18, M. Deenadayalan86, J. Degallaix181, M. De Laurentis31,5, C. J. Delgado Mendez101, F. De Lillo23, S. Della Torre139, W. Del Pozzo89,88, O. M. del Rio182, A. Demagny35, F. De Marco39,38, G. Demasi183,67, F. De Matteis21,22, C. de Melo174, N. Demos34, T. Dent140, A. Depasse15, N. DePergola105, R. De Pietri184,185, R. De Rosa31,5, C. De Rossi68, E. K. Derrick186, M. Desai34, D. DeSantis34, S. Deshmukh54, V. Deshmukh91, R. De Simone159,160, S. Determan187, S. Dhage15, A. Dhani1, R. Dhatri46, R. Dhurkunde78, R. Diab49, C. Diaz101, M. C. Díaz173, F. Diaz Guerra188,189, M. Di Cesare31,5, M. A. Dicorato83,190, T. Dietrich1, C. Di Fronzo7, M. Di Giovanni191,88, D. Diksha37,36, J. Ding20,192, S. Di Pace39,38, I. Di Palma39,38, D. Di Piero188,189, F. Di Renzo67,183, Divyajyoti32, A. Dmitriev132, J. P. Docherty91, Z. Doctor100, N. Doerksen175, E. Dohmen3, A. Doke145, A. Domiciano De Souza193, L. D’Onofrio5, F. Donovan34, K. L. Dooley32, S. Doravari86, O. Dorosh194, S. Doshi61, F. Dosopoulou32, M. 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Flanagan32, S. M. Fleischer182, L. S. Fleming209, F. Flocco94, E. Floden18, H. Fong120, J. A. Font146,147, F. Fontinele-Nunes18, C. Foo1, B. Fornal210, P. W. F. Forsyth70, A. Fragkos211,75, N. Franchini212, A. Franco-Ordovas11, F. Frappez35, F. Frasconi88, C. Fratta61, J. P. Freed50, Z. Frei213, A. Freise37,128, O. Freitas206,146, R. Frey121, W. Frischhertz69, P. Fritschel34, V. V. Frolov69, M. Fuentes-Garcia11, R. Fujii161, T. Fujimori2, Y. Fujiwara214, P. Fulda49, M. Fyffe69, J. R. Gair1, S. Galaudage193, V. Galdi215, M. Galimberti68, A. Gamboa1, S. Gamoji216, A. Ganguly86, B. Garaventa28, P. García Abia101, J. García-Bellido217, C. García-Quirós84, J. W. Gardner70, S. Garg44, J. Gargiulo68, X. Garrido42, A. Garron84, F. Garufi31,5, P. A. Garver93, C. Gasbarra218,22, F. Gautier219, V. Gayathri87, T. Gayer85, G. Gemme28, A. Gennai88, V. Gennari104, J. George107, R. George156, O. Gerberding27, L. Gergely164, A. 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Lee255, R.-K. Lee150, R. Lee34, Sungho Lee277, Sunjae Lee255, W. Lee256, Y. Lee151, F. Legger65, I. N. Legred11, J. Lehmann9,10, L. Lehner198, M. Le Jean181,125, A. Lemaître278, R. Lemrani Alaoui125,273, M. Lenti67,183, M. Leonardi80,81,279, M. Lequime40, M. Lesovsky11, N. Letendre35, M. Lethuillier60, Y. Levin41, S. Lexmond128, K. Leyde202,203, A. K. Y. Li44, K. L. Li280, T. G. F. Li99, X. Li157, Y. Li100, Z. Li91, Q. Liang153, C-Y. Lin281, E. T. Lin282, F. Lin151, L. C.-C. Lin280, Y.-C. Lin282, C. Lindsay209, S. D. Linker216, A. Liu230, F. Liu42, G. C. Liu242, Jian Liu7, S. Liu153, F. Llamas Villarreal173, J. Llobera-Querol84, R. K. L. Lo149, J.-P. Locquet99, S. C. G. Loggins165, L. T. London72, A. Longo66,67, M. Lopez Portilla77, A. Lorenzo-Medina140, V. Loriette42, M. Lormand69, M. Lorusso79, G. Losurdo191,88, T. P. Lott, IV230, J. D. Lough9,10, H. A. Loughlin34, C. O. Lousto199, N. K. Y. Low133, N. Lu70, H. Lück9,10, O. Lukina34, D. Lumaca22, A. P. Lundgren283,166, L. Lunghini68, A. W. Lussier274, L.-T. Ma282, X. Ma46, M. Ma’arif151, S. MacBride45, K. Machida161, K. J. Mack61, D. M. Macleod32, I. A. O. MacMillan11, A. Macquet42, S. S. Madekar166, S. Maenaut99, S. S. Magare86, R. M. Magee11, E. Maggio1,38, M. Magnozzi28,29, P. Mahapatra32, M. Mahesh27, S. Majhi86, E. Majorana39,38, C. N. Makarem11, E. Makelele109, N. Malagon199, D. Malakar110, J. A. Malaquias-Reis19, U. Mali201, S. Maliakal11, A. Malik107, L. Mallick175,201, A.-K. Malz63, N. Man119, M. Mancarella102, V. Mandic18, V. Mangano195,167, Z. Mangi199, B. Mannix121, G. L. Mansell85, M. Manske87, M. Mantovani68, M. Mapelli94,95,284, S. Marchetti94,95, F. Marion35, J. Mark18, A. S. Markosyan93, J. Markus18, E. Maros11, S. Marsat104, F. Martelli66,67, I. W. Martin91, R. M. Martin204, B. B. Martinez142, M. Martinez166,285, V. Martinez286, A. Martini80,81, Juan Carlos Martins287, Julio C. Martins19, D. V. Martynov132, E. J. Marx34, L. Massaro36,37, A. Masserot35, M. Masso-Reid91, T. Masters109, S. Mastrogiovanni38, G. Mastropasqua79, M. Matiushechkina9,10, A. Matte-Landry274, L. Maurin219, N. Mavalvala34, N. Maxwell3, A. McCann121, G. McCarrol69, R. McCarthy3, D. E. McClelland70, S. McCormick69, L. McCuller11, L. I. McDermott127, C. McElhenny123, G. I. McGhee91, K. B. M. McGowan54, J. McIver120, A. McLeod7, I. McMahon45, T. McRae70, R. McTeague91, K. McWhirter8, D. Meacher87, B. N. Meagher85, R. Mechum199, L. G. Medeiros106, R. M. Mehta18, A. Melatos133, C. S. Menoni177, R. A. Mercer87, L. Mereni181, K. Merfeld121, E. L. Merilh69, J. R. Mérou84, C. Messick87, M. Meyer-Conde30, F. Meylahn9,10, H. Miao288, C. Michel181, Y. Michimura44, H. Middleton132, D. P. Mihaylov109, A. L. Miller153, S. J. Miller11, M. Millhouse61, E. Milotti188,189, V. Milotti94, E. Minakaki128, Y. Minenkov22, Ll. M. Mir166, L. Mirasola289, C.-A. Miritescu166, A. Mishra24, C. Mishra111, T. Mishra78, A. Mitchell93, J. G. Mitchell50, O. Mitchem121, S. Mitra86, V. P. Mitrofanov114, K. Mitsuhashi25, R. Mittleman34, O. Miyakawa53, S. Miyoki53, G. Mo11, L. Mobilia66,67, S. R. P. Mohapatra11, M. Molina-Ruiz33, M. Mondin216, M. Montani66,67, G. Montefusco179, C. J. Moore237, D. Moraru3, A. More86, S. More86, C. Moreno290, E. A. Moreno34, G. Moreno3, A. Moreso Serra134, C. Morgan32, S. Morisaki221, S. Moriwaki221, Y. Moriwaki161, G. Morras217, A. Moscatello94, M. Mould223, B. Mours71, C. M. Mow-Lowry37,128, L. Muccillo183,67, F. Muciaccia39,38, Arunava Mukherjee240, D. Mukherjee132, Samanwaya Mukherjee24, Soma Mukherjee173, Subroto Mukherjee96, Suvodip Mukherjee13, N. Mukund34, A. Mullavey69, C. L. Mungioli7, Y. Murakami221, M. Murakoshi214, P. G. Murray91, D. Nabari80,81, S. Nadji181, A. Nagar65,291, N. Nagarajan1, K. Nakagaki53, A. Nakamura52, K. Nakamura25, H. Nakano292, M. Nakano11, D. Nanadoumgar-Lacroze166, D. Nandi12, V. Napolano68, S. U. Naqvi111, P. Narayan227, A. Nardecchia39,38, I. Nardecchia22, T. Narikawa221, H. Narola77, L. Naticchioni38, R. K. Nayak293, J. Neeson32, L. Negri77, A. Nela91, C. Nelle121, A. Nelson142, T. J. N. Nelson69, A. Nemmani98, A. Neunzert3, M. Newell16, S. Ng57, T. C. K. Ng37,77, L.-A. T. Nguyen294, T. T. Nguyen294, L. Nguyen Quynh294, A. B. Nielsen295, Y. Nishino25,296, A. Nishizawa297, S. Nissanke298,37, W. Niu8, F. Nocera68, J. Noller299, M. Norman32, C. North32, J. Novak252,300, G. Nurbek173, L. K. Nuttall78, K. Obayashi214, J. Oberling3, C. E. Ochoa46, C. O’Connor85, J. O’Dell244, E. Oelker34, M. Oertel252,300, G. Oganesyan47,48, J. J. Oh263, T. O’Hanlon69, M. Ohashi53,30, F. Ohme9,10, Y. Okabe161, I. Oke59, R. Oliveira301, R. Omer18, N. O’Neill85, M. Onishi161, K. Oohara302,303, P. Ophardt248, R. J. Oram69, B. O’Reilly69, R. O’Shaughnessy199, S. Oshino53, J. Ostrovska132, A. Osumi52, I. Ota12, G. Othman248, M. Otsuka25,296, D. J. Ottaway124, A. Ouzriat60, H. Overmier69, B. J. Owen108, A. E. Pace8, M. A. Page25, A. Pai112, S. Pal293, M. A. Palaia88,89, M. Pálfi213, C. Palomba38, H. Pan267, J. Pan7, K.-C. Pan150,282, P. K. Panda250, Shiksha Pandey8, Swadha Pandey34, P. T. H. Pang37,77, F. Pannarale39,38, B. C. Pant107, F. H. Panther7, M. Panzeri66,67, F. Paoletti88, A. Paoli68, A. Paolone38,304, A. Papadopoulos91, E. E. Papalexakis46, L. Papalini88,89, G. Papigkiotis266, A. Paquis42, J. Paras61, A. Parisi82,83, B.-J. Park277, Jihwan Park261, Junegyu Park262, W. Parker69, G. Pascale9,10, D. Pascucci97, A. Pasqualetti68, L. Passenger41, D. Passuello88, O. Patane3, A. V. Patel151, L. Pathak86, A. Patra32, B. Patricelli89,88, B. G. Patterson32, K. Paul111,37, S. Paul121, E. Payne11, T. Pearce32, M. Pedraza11, A. Pele11, F. E. Peña Arellano216, X. Peng132, Y. Peng61, S. Penn85,305, A. Perreca47,48, J. Perret20, D. Pesios266, S. Petracca215, C. Petrillo82, H. P. Pfeiffer1, H. Pham69, K. A. Pham18, K. S. Phukon132, H. Phurailatpam230, L. Piccari39,38, O. J. Piccinni84, M. Pichot119, A. Pied91, M. Piendibene89,88, F. Piergiovanni66,67, L. Pierini38, G. Pierra38, V. Pierro306,160, M. Pillas307,42, B. Pillon50, L. Pinard181, I. M. Pinto306,160,308,31, M. Pinto68, B. J. Piotrzkowski87, M. Pirello3, A. Pisarski222, M. D. Pitkin237,91, E. Placidi39,38, M. L. Planas1, C. Plunkett34, R. Poggiani89,88, E. Polini119, M. Polo101, J. Pomper88,89, L. Pompili223, J. Poon230, E. Porcelli37, A. S. Porter108, E. K. Porter20, C. Posnansky8, J. Powell148, G. S. Prabhu86, M. Pracchia200, A. K. Prajapati96, K. Prasai309, R. Prasanna250, P. Prasia310, G. Pratten132, G. Principe188,189, G. A. Prodi80,81, P. Prosperi88, P. Prosposito21,22, A. Puecher1, J. Pullin12, M. Punturo83, P. Puppo38, M. Pürrer130, H. Qi16, M. Qiao153, J. Qin70, G. Quéméner179,125, V. Quetschke173, P. J. Quinonez50, R. Rading248, I. Rainho146, S. Raja107, C. Rajan107, B. Rajbhandari108, M. R. Raj Sah13, K. E. Ramirez69, F. A. Ramis Vidal84, M. Ramos Arevalo173, A. Ramos-Buades84, S. Ranjan61, M. Ranjbar46, K. Ransom69, P. Rapagnani39,38, B. Ratto50, A. Ravichandran145, A. Ray100, V. Raymond32, M. Razzano89,88, J. Read57, J. Redepenning18, J. Regan225, T. Regimbau35, T. Reichardt148, S. Reid59, C. Reissel34, D. H. Reitze11, A. I. Renzini45,138,139, B. Revenu122,42, A. Revilla-Peña134, F. Ricci39,38, M. Ricci38,39, A. Ricciardone89,88, J. Rice85, J. W. Richardson46, M. L. Richardson34, K. Riles158, H. K. Riley32, A. Riminucci66,67, F. Robinet42, M. Robinson3, A. Rocchi22, J. Rodriguez85, R. Rodriguez Lopez177, L. Rolland35, J. G. Rollins11, A. E. Romano311, R. Romano4,5, A. Romero-Rodríguez35, I. M. Romero-Shaw32, J. H. Romie69, S. Ronchini8,47,48, T. J. Roocke124, T. J. Rosauer46, C. A. Rose61, D. Rosińska136, M. P. Ross55, M. Rossello-Sastre84, S. Rowan91, K. Rowlands187, S. K. Roy202,203, S. Roy15,251, T. RoyChowdhury87, D. Rozza138,139, P. Ruggi68, G. H. Ruiz165, E. Ruiz Morales312,217, K. Ruiz-Rocha54, V. Russ182, S. M. S231, S. Sachdev61, T. Sadecki3, F. Safai Tehrani38, P. Saffarieh37,128, S. Safi-Harb175, S. Saha282, T. Sainrat20, S. Sajith Menon313,39,38, K. Sakai314, Y. Sakai30, M. Sakellariadou72, S. Sakon8, F. Salces-Carcoba11, L. Salconi68, M. Saleem156, F. Salemi39,38, M. Sallé37, M. Salomé60, S. U. Salunkhe86, S. Salvador179,178, A. Salvarese156, A. Samajdar77,37, P. M. Samir186, A. Sanchez3, E. J. Sanchez11, J. Sanchez69, D. Sanchez-Cid45, N. Sanchis-Gual146, J. R. Sanders187, E. M. Sänger1, F. Santoliquido47,48, E. Sapkin41, F. Sarandrea65, T. R. Saravanan86, N. Sarin237, P. Sarkar9,10, A. Sasli18, P. Sassi83,82, B. Sassolas181, B. S. Sathyaprakash8,32, O. Sauter49, R. L. Savage3, T. Savicheva177, T. Sawada53, H. L. Sawant86, D. Schaetzl11, M. Scheel157, A. Schiebelbein201, M. G. Schiworski85, K. Schluterman50, P. Schmidt132, R. Schnabel27, M. Schneewind9,10, R. M. S. Schofield121,3, M. Schoor35, K. Schouteden99, B. W. Schulte9,10, M. Schulz47,48, B. F. Schutz32,9,10, E. Schwartz197, M. Scialpi315, J. Scott91, S. M. Scott70, R. M. Sedas69, T. C. Seetharamu91, M. Seglar-Arroyo166, Y. Sekiguchi316, D. Sellers69, N. Sembo2, E. G. Seo91, J. W. Seo99, G. Seong261, V. Sequino31,5, M. Serra38, C. K. Sethi145, A. Sevrin196, T. Shaffer3, U. S. Shah61, M. A. Shaikh317, L. Shao318, J. Sharkey91, A. K. Sharma84, Preeti Sharma12, Priyanka Sharma107, Sushant Sharma-Chaudhary18, P. Shawhan137, T. Shen70, E. Sheridan54, Z.-H. Shi150, K. Shimode53, H. Shinkai319, S. Shirke86, D. H. Shoemaker34, D. M. Shoemaker156, R. W. Short3, S. ShyamSundar107, H. Siegel198, N. Siemonsen198,118, V. Sierra290, D. Sigg3, L. Silenzi36,37, P. J. S. Silva287, L. Silvestri39,176, M. Simmonds124, L. P. Singer320, A. Singh227, D. Singh33, M. K. Singh32, N. Singh84, S. Singh246,25, M. R. Sinha41, A. M. Sintes84, V. Skliris32, B. J. J. Slagmolen70, T. J. Slaven-Blair7, J. Smetana132, D. A. Smith69, J. R. Smith57, J. Smith32, L. Smith188,189, W. J. Smith54, S. Soares de Albuquerque Filho66,67, M. Soares-Santos45, K. Somiya246, I. Song282, S. Soni46, V. Sordini60, F. Sorrentino28, H. Sotani321, N. E. Sovitzky322, F. Spada88, V. Spagnuolo37, A. P. Spencer91, M. Spera189,323, P. Spinicelli68, A. K. Srivastava96, F. Stachurski91, V. V. Stanford108, A. Stanton32, D. A. Steer324, N. Steinle175, J. Steinlechner36,37, S. Steinlechner36,37, C. Stephens32, N. Stergioulas266, M. StPierre130, J. Stremiz57, M. D. Strong12, A. Strunk3, R. Sturani325, M. Suchenek98, S. Sudhagar98, R. Sugimoto43, L. Suleiman57, K. D. Sullivan12, J. Sun263,80, L. Sun70, S. Sunil96, J. Suresh119, P. J. Sutton32, K. Suzuki246, M. Suzuki221, A. Svizzeretto82, B. L. Swinkels37, A. Syx125, M. J. Szczepańczyk143, M. Tacca37, M. Tagliazucchi126,79, H. Tagoshi221, S. C. Tait11, H. Takaba155, K. Takada221, H. Takahashi30, R. Takahashi25, A. Takamori56, S. Takano9,10, H. Takeda326,327, I. Takimoto Schmiegelow47,48, C. Talbot118, M. Tamaki221, N. Tamanini104, D. Tanabe151, K. Tanaka246, S. J. Tanaka214, S. Tanioka32, D. B. Tanner49, W. Tanner9,10, L. Tao46, R. D. Tapia8, E. N. Tapia San Martín37, A. Taruya328, J. D. Tasson163, J. G. Tau199, A. Tejera172, J. G. Temple109, Y. Teng87, H. Themann216, A. Theodoropoulos146, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam86, L. M. Thomas11, M. Thomas69, P. Thomas3, J. E. Thompson220, S. R. Thondapu107, E. Thrane41, J. Tissino47,48, A. Tiwari86, Pawan Tiwari47, Praveer Tiwari62, S. Tiwari45, V. Tiwari132, M. R. Todd85, E. Tofani38, M. Toffano94, A. M. Toivonen18, K. Toland91, T. Tomaru25, V. Tommasini11, H. Tong41, C. I. Torrie11, I. Tosta e Melo329, E. Tournefier35, A. Trapananti190,83, R. Travaglini79, F. Travasso190,83, G. Traylor69, L. Traylor57, M. Trevor137, M. C. Tringali68, A. Tripathee158, G. Troian188,189, A. Trovato188,189, L. Trozzo5, R. J. Trudeau11, T. Tsang330, S. Tsuchida331, K. Tsuji52, L. Tsukada225, A. Tuci50, M. Turconi119, C. Turski97, H. Ubach134,135, A. S. Ubhi132, N. Uchikata221, T. Uchiyama53, R. P. Udall120, T. Uehara332, V. Undheim295, V. Upadhyaya145, L. E. Uronen230, T. Ushiba53, M. Vacatello88,89, H. Vahlbruch9,10, G. Vajente11, J. Valencia84, M. Valentini128,37, E. Vallejo-Pagès166, S. A. Vallejo-Peña311, S. Vallero65, M. van Dael37,333, E. Van den Bossche196, J. F. J. van den Brand36,128,37, C. Van Den Broeck77,37, M. van der Kolk128, M. van der Sluys77,37, A. Van de Walle42, J. van Dongen37, K. Vandra105, M. VanDyke127, H. van Haevermaet23, J. V. van Heijningen37, P. Van Hove71, J. Vanier274, J. Vanosky3, N. van Remortel23, M. Vardaro36,37, A. F. Vargas133, V. Varma145, A. Vecchio132, G. Vedovato95, J. Veitch91, P. J. Veitch124, S. Venikoudis15, P. Verdier60, M. Vereecken97, D. Verkindt35, B. Verma145, S. Verma116, Y. Verma107, S. M. Vermeulen11, F. Vetrano66, A. Veutro38,39, A. Viceré66,67, S. Vidyant85, A. D. Viets322, A. Vijaykumar201, A. Vilkha199, N. Villanueva Espinosa146, E. T. Vincent61, J.-Y. Vinet119, S. Viret60, S. Vitale34, A. Vives121, L. Vizmeg182, B. Vizzone61, H. Vocca82,83, D. Voigt27, E. R. G. von Reis3, J. S. A. von Wrangel9,10, W. E. Vossius248, L. Vujeva149, S. P. Vyatchanin114, J. Wack11, L. E. Wade109, M. Wade109, K. J. Wagner199, L. Wallace11, R.-Z. Wan334, H. Wang246, L. Wang61, P. Wang150, W. H. Wang173, Y. F. Wang1, Z. Wang153, R. L. Ward70, J. Warner3, M. Was35, T. Washimi25, N. Y. Washington11, D. Watarai44, B. Weaver3, S. A. Webster91, N. L. Weickhardt27, M. Weinert9,10, A. J. Weinstein11, R. Weiss34,b, L. Wen7, K. Wette70, C. Wheeler69, J. T. Whelan199, B. F. Whiting49, E. G. Wickens78, D. Wilken9,10, B. M. Williams127, D. Williams91, M. J. Williams78, N. S. Williams1, J. L. Willis11, B. Willke9,10, M. Wils99, L. Wimmer221, C. W. Winborn110, A. Wingfield123, J. Winterflood7, C. C. Wipf11, G. Woan91, N. E. Wolfe34, H. T. Wong151, I. C. F. Wong99, T. Wouters77,37, J. L. Wright3, M. Wright77, B. Wu85, C. Wu150, D. S. Wu9,10, H. Wu150, J. Wu61, K. Wu127, Z. Wu104, E. Wuchner57, D. M. Wysocki87, V. A. Xu33, Y. Xu84, N. Yadav65, H. Yamamoto11, K. Yamamoto161, T. S. Yamamoto44, T. Yamamoto53, R. Yamazaki214, T. Yan132, H. Yang288, K. Z. Yang18, Y. Yang162, Z. Yarbrough12, J. Yébana Carrilero84, A. B. Yelikar54, X. Yin34, J. Yokoyama335,44,43, T. Yokozawa53, M. Yoshihara52, S. Yuan7, H. Yuzurihara53, M. Zanatta80, M. Zanolin50, M. Zeeshan199, T. Zelenova68, J.-P. Zendri95, M. Zeoli15, M. Zerrad40, M. Zevin100, H. Zhang153, J. Zhang15, L. Zhang11, N. Zhang61, R. Zhang103, T. Zhang132, C. Zhao7, J. Zhao336, Yue Zhao337, Yuhang Zhao20, L.-M. Zheng32, Y. Zheng110, L. Zhizhong83, H. Zhong18, H. Zhou85, H. O. Zhu7, X.-J. Zhu336, Z.-H. Zhu336,334, Z. Zhu199, D. Z. Zieba91, A. B. Zimmerman156, L. Zimmermann60, and M. E. Zucker34,11 (LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, and KAGRA Collaboration)

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
  • 2Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
  • 3LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
  • 4Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello,” Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
  • 5INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
  • 6University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
  • 7OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
  • 8The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
  • 9Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
  • 10Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
  • 11LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
  • 12Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
  • 13Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
  • 14Centre de Physique Théorique, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
  • 15Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • 16Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
  • 17University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
  • 18University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
  • 19Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 20Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
  • 21Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
  • 22INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
  • 23Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
  • 24International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
  • 25Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
  • 26Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
  • 27Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
  • 28INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
  • 29Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
  • 30Research Center for Space Science, Advanced Research Laboratories, Tokyo City University, 3-3-1 Ushikubo-Nishi, Tsuzuki-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 224-8551, Japan
  • 31Università di Napoli “Federico II,” I-80126 Napoli, Italy
  • 32Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
  • 33University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 34LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
  • 35Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
  • 36Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
  • 37Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 38INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
  • 39Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
  • 40Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, F-13013 Marseille, France
  • 41OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
  • 42Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
  • 43Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
  • 44Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
  • 45University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
  • 46University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
  • 47Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
  • 48INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
  • 49University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
  • 50Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
  • 51Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
  • 52Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
  • 53KAGRA Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
  • 54Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
  • 55University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
  • 56Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
  • 57California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
  • 58Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
  • 59SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
  • 60Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
  • 61Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
  • 62Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
  • 63Royal Holloway, University of London, London TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
  • 64Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
  • 65INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
  • 66Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
  • 67INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
  • 68European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
  • 69LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
  • 70OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
  • 71Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
  • 72King’s College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
  • 73Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
  • 74Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, 24 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
  • 75Gravitational Wave Science Center (GWSC), Université de Genève, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
  • 76International College, The University of Osaka, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
  • 77Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
  • 78University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
  • 79Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Bologna, viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2–40127 Bologna, Italy
  • 80Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
  • 81INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
  • 82Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
  • 83INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
  • 84IAC3-IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
  • 85Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
  • 86Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
  • 87University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
  • 88INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
  • 89Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
  • 90Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana,” Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
  • 91IGR, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
  • 92HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
  • 93Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
  • 94Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
  • 95INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
  • 96Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
  • 97Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
  • 98Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
  • 99Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
  • 100Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
  • 101Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Avenida Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain
  • 102Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT, Marseille, France
  • 103Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
  • 104Laboratoire des 2 infinis-Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, Toulouse, France
  • 105Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
  • 106Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário-Lagoa Nova, Natal-RN, 59078-970, Brazil
  • 107RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
  • 108University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
  • 109Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
  • 110Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
  • 111Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
  • 112Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
  • 113Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, I-53100 Siena, Italy
  • 114Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
  • 115Center for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
  • 116Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
  • 117Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
  • 118Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
  • 119Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Artemis, F-06304 Nice, France
  • 120University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
  • 121University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
  • 122Subatech, CNRS/IN2P3-IMT Atlantique-Nantes Université, 4 rue Alfred Kastler BP 20722 44307 Nantes CÉDEX 03, France
  • 123Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
  • 124OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
  • 125Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 75016 Paris, France
  • 126DIFA-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Zamboni, 33–40126 Bologna, Italy
  • 127Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
  • 128Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 129Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
  • 130University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
  • 131Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
  • 132University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
  • 133OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
  • 134Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
  • 135Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
  • 136Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
  • 137University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
  • 138Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
  • 139INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
  • 140IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
  • 141Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267 USA
  • 142University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
  • 143Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Ludwika Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
  • 144Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali di Roma, 00133 Roma, Italy
  • 145University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, USA
  • 146Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
  • 147Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
  • 148OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
  • 149Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Kóbenhavn, Denmark
  • 150Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101 Section II, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
  • 151National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
  • 152OzGrav, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
  • 153University of Chinese Academy of Sciences / International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific, Beijing 100190, China
  • 154Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 101 Univ. Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  • 155Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 238 Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
  • 156University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
  • 157CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
  • 158University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
  • 159Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
  • 160INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
  • 161Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
  • 162School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China
  • 163Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
  • 164University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
  • 165St. Thomas University, Miami Gardens, Florida 33054, USA
  • 166Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
  • 167INFN Cagliari, Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
  • 168Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
  • 169INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
  • 170Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
  • 171Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
  • 172Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
  • 173The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
  • 174Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia-Universidade Federal de Alfenas, BR 267-Rodovia José Aurélio Vilela, n∘ 11.999, Km 533 37715-400 Cidade Universitária-Poços de Caldas-MG-Brasil, Brazil
  • 175University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
  • 176INFN-CNAF-Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat, 6/2, 40127 Bologna BO, Italy
  • 177Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
  • 178Université de Normandie, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, F-14000 Caen, France
  • 179Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire Caen, 6 boulevard du maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen, France
  • 180The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
  • 181Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
  • 182Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
  • 183Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Italy
  • 184Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
  • 185INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
  • 186Bard College, Annandale-On-Hudson, New York 12504, USA
  • 187Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA
  • 188Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
  • 189INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
  • 190Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
  • 191Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
  • 192Corps des Mines, Mines Paris, Université PSL, 60 Bd Saint-Michel, 75272 Paris, France
  • 193Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Lagrange, F-06304 Nice, France
  • 194National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
  • 195Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
  • 196Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
  • 197Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, USA
  • 198Perimeter Institute, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
  • 199Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
  • 200Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
  • 201Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
  • 202Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
  • 203Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
  • 204Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
  • 205HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
  • 206Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e do Porto, Universidade do Minho, PT-4710-057 Braga, Portugal
  • 207Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
  • 208Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
  • 209SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
  • 210Barry University, Miami Shores, Florida 33168, USA
  • 211Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
  • 212Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
  • 213Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
  • 214Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
  • 215University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
  • 216California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
  • 217Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
  • 218Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Osservatorio di Roma, Viale del Parco Mellini 84–00136 Roma, Italy
  • 219Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans, UMR CNRS 6613, F-72085 Le Mans, France
  • 220University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
  • 221KAGRA Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
  • 222Faculty of Physics, University of Białystok, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
  • 223University of Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
  • 224Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Elettronica e Meccanica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
  • 225University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
  • 226University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
  • 227The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
  • 228Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. II, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
  • 229Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
  • 230The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
  • 231Nirula Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal 700109, India
  • 232American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
  • 233Aix Marseille Université, Jardin du Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, 13007 Marseille, France
  • 234Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy
  • 235INFN, sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy
  • 236Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
  • 237University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
  • 238University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
  • 239College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi, Narashino City, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
  • 240Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhannagar, West Bengal 700064, India
  • 241Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101 Section II, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
  • 242Department of Physics, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Rd., Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
  • 243Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 101 Univ. Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  • 244Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
  • 245Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, 9 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
  • 246Graduate School of Science, Institute of Science Tokyo, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
  • 247Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
  • 248Helmut Schmidt University, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany
  • 249Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
  • 250Directorate of Construction, Services & Estate Management, Mumbai 400094, India
  • 251Royal Observatory of Belgium, Avenue Circulaire, 3, 1180 Uccle, Belgium
  • 252Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 11 rue de l’Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France
  • 253National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
  • 254School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
  • 255Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea
  • 256Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
  • 257Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
  • 258Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 259University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, USA
  • 260Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • 261Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
  • 262Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
  • 263National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, Republic of Korea
  • 264Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
  • 265Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
  • 266Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
  • 267National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan
  • 268Technical University of Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
  • 269Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland
  • 270Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Cracow, Poland
  • 271Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hallstromin katu 2, FI-00014, Finland
  • 272Department of Physics, Nagoya University, ES building, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
  • 273Centre de Calcul IN2P3, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin, Campus de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
  • 274Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
  • 275Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Università 40, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
  • 276Department of Computer Simulation, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do 50834, Republic of Korea
  • 277Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), 776 Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
  • 278NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
  • 279Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
  • 280Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
  • 281National Center for High-performance Computing, National Institutes of Applied Research, No. 7, R&D 6th Rd., Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City 30076, Taiwan
  • 282Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101 Section II, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
  • 283Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
  • 284Institut fuer Theoretische Astrophysik, Zentrum fuer Astronomie Heidelberg, Universitaet Heidelberg, Albert Ueberle Str. 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
  • 285Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
  • 286Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
  • 287Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Dr. José Barbosa de Barros, 1780-Jardim Paraiso, Botucatu-SP, 18610-307, Brazil
  • 288Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 289Departament de Física, Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3—IEEC, Crta. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain
  • 290Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
  • 291Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, F-91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France
  • 292Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, 67 Fukakusa Tsukamoto-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan
  • 293Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
  • 294Phenikaa University, Nguyen Trac Street, Duong Noi, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 295University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
  • 296Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
  • 297Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
  • 298GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 299University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
  • 300Observatoire de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
  • 301Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50-Vila das Acacias, São José dos Campos-SP, 12228-900, Brazil
  • 302Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
  • 303Niigata Study Center, The Open University of Japan, 754 Ichibancho, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8122, Japan
  • 304Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, I-00185 Roma, Italy
  • 305Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
  • 306Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
  • 307Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, 75014 Paris, France
  • 308Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi,” I-00184 Roma, Italy
  • 309Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA
  • 310Government Victoria College, Palakkad, Kerala 678001, India
  • 311Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
  • 312Departamento de Física-ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28012 Madrid, Spain
  • 313Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St 65, Ariel, Israel
  • 314Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, 888 Nishikatakai, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-8532, Japan
  • 315Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università Degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat, 1, 44121 Ferrara FE, Italy
  • 316Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi City, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
  • 317Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
  • 318Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
  • 319Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, 1-79-1 Kitayama, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0196, Japan
  • 320NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
  • 321Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
  • 322Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, USA
  • 323Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea, 265, I-34136, Trieste TS, Italy
  • 324Laboratoire de Physique de l’ENS, Université Paris Cité, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
  • 325Universidade Estadual Paulista, 01140-070 São Paulo, Brazil
  • 326The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
  • 327Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
  • 328Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Kita-Shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
  • 329University of Catania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Via S. Sofia, 64, 95123 Catania CT, Italy
  • 330Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
  • 331National Institute of Technology, Fukui College, Geshi-cho, Sabae-shi, Fukui 916-8507, Japan
  • 332Department of Communications Engineering, National Defense Academy of Japan, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
  • 333Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
  • 334School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Bayi Road 299, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
  • 335Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU), WPI, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
  • 336Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
  • 337Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, HK, Hong Kong

  • *Full author list given at the end of the article.
  • aDeceased March 2026.
  • bDeceased August 2025.
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 103025 – Published 12 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/dgjv-chmt

Abstract

We present constraints on ultralight bosons using binary black hole mergers observed in the second and third parts of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run. Directed searches are conducted for long-transient gravitational waves from ultralight vector boson clouds around merger remnants, using a hidden-Markov-model (HMM) tracking scheme. We target the remnant black holes formed in the binary coalescences that produced GW250114 and GW250207. We find no evidence for such signals from either target. Estimating our search sensitivity at a threshold corresponding to a 1% false alarm probability, we thus disfavor vector boson masses in the range of [2.80,3.95]×10−13  eV with greater than 90% confidence. In addition, we derive constraints on ultralight scalar and vector bosons from the inferred high spins of the constituent black holes in three binaries, using events GW240515, GW241113, and GW241225_08. The excluded mass ranges in this approach depend on the assumed black-hole ages. At 105  years, corresponding to typical dynamically formed binaries, we exclude scalar and vector bosons in the ranges [1.39,6.94]×10−13  eV and [0.32,14.4]×10−13  eV at 90% confidence, respectively.

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Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 114, 103025– Published 12 November, 2026
  • Received 11 August 2026
  • Accepted 30 September 2026
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