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Implication of multimessenger observations on the relativistic mean-field equation of state of dense nuclear matter and skin thickness of nuclei

Rahul Kumar1,2,*, Prasanta Char3,4,†, and Rana Nandi1,2,‡

  • *Contact author: rahulkumarrahul645@gmail.com, phz258498@iitd.ac.in
  • †Contact author: prasanta.char@usal.es
  • ‡Contact author: rananandi@iitd.ac.in
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 083030 – Published 13 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/cpdp-ms2m

Abstract

The composition and properties of infinite nuclear matter under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure remain incompletely understood. In this work, we constrain the equation of state (EoS) of nuclear matter—constructed within the framework of the relativistic mean field (RMF) model—by combining results from chiral effective field theory and multimessenger observations of neutron stars. Using the saturation properties of nuclear matter, we generate a wide ensemble of EoS, which are subsequently constrained within a Bayesian framework. The resulting posterior distributions provide tight bounds on both the saturation parameters and the coupling constants of the RMF model. The radius of a 1.4M⊙ neutron star is tightly constrained to 12.471−0.394+0.427  km, while the maximum mass reaches 2.156−0.120+0.175M⊙. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that the ω–ρ coupling, which governs the density dependence of the symmetry energy, becomes increasingly significant under successive astrophysical constraints. Finally, the predicted rskin of Ca48 agrees well with the CREX measurement, whereas that of Pb208 remains in tension with PREX-II. In contrast to earlier studies, we do not observe a clear correlation between the rskin of Pb208 and the symmetry energy slope parameter L.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 083030– Published 13 October, 2026
  • Received 18 November 2025
  • Accepted 25 September 2026
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