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Probing compact binary coalescences in the decihertz GW band with IndIGO-D

Abhishek Sharma1,*, Divya Tahelyani1,†, Anand S. Sengupta1,‡, and Sanjit Mitra2,§

  • *Contact author: sharma.abhishek@iitgn.ac.in
  • †Contact author: divya.tahelyani@iitgn.ac.in
  • ‡Contact author: asengupta@iitgn.ac.in
  • §Contact author: sanjit@iucaa.in
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 104026 – Published 6 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ccwt-lhj9

Abstract

We present an astrophysical science-case study of IndIGO-D, a decihertz gravitational-wave mission concept, focusing on compact binary sources across the 0.1–10 Hz band bridging LISA and next-generation ground-based interferometers. For these science projections, we consider a specific configuration in which three spacecraft fly in formation to form an L-shaped interferometer in a heliocentric orbit. The two orthogonal arms share a common vertex, providing a space-based analog of terrestrial Michelson detectors. A central element of our study is a detailed calculation of the time-dependent antenna response of this L-shaped geometry, including the modulation produced by the orbital motion of the constellation. Assuming 1000 km arm lengths, we treat the strain-sensitivity curve supplied by the IndIGO-D collaboration as an input and investigate the astrophysical science enabled by this configuration. For the assumed sensitivity, we estimate a binary neutron star (BNS) detection rate of ∼76–767  yr−1. We compute horizon distances for different source classes and find that intermediate-mass black-hole binaries with masses 102–103M⊙ are detectable throughout their formation history, complementing the reach of LISA and terrestrial detectors. BNS systems are observable to a horizon redshift of z≲0.3, allowing continuous multiband coverage with Voyager-class interferometers from the decihertz regime to merger. A Bayesian parameter-estimation study of a GW170817-like binary shows that the sky localization area improves from ∼21  deg2 at one month, ∼1  deg2 at one week, down to 0.3  deg2 at six hours premerger. These sky areas are readily tiled by wide-field time-domain telescopes such as the Rubin Observatory, whose 9.6  deg2 field of view and r-band depth enable high-cadence, repeated coverage of GW170817-like kilonovae at this distance and beyond. IndIGO-D exploits the rapid evolution of binaries in the decihertz band to bridge the gap between millihertz and terrestrial observations, enabling early warnings on timescales from months to hours and enhancing the prospects for multiband and multimessenger discoveries.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 104026– Published 6 November, 2026
  • Received 19 January 2026
  • Accepted 16 October 2026
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