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Pathways to real composite operators from non-Hermitian fermions

V. E. R. Lemes1,* and D. G. Tedesco2,†

  • 1Instituto de Física, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil
  • 2ESEHL e PPGENT, Centro Universitário Internacional UNINTER, Avenida Sete de Setembro 4228, Batel, Curitiba, Paraná, 80250-085, Brazil

  • *Contact author: verlemes@gmail.com
  • †Contact author: daniel.te@uninter.com

Phys. Rev. D 114, 105014 – Published 12 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bbcs-z1nr

Abstract

A field theory in 3+1 dimensions contains two fermions, two Abelian gauge fields, and one complex scalar, with dynamics fixed by a Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) symmetry. For a specific parameter configuration, the fermion mass matrix becomes non-Hermitian, and the propagators exhibit complex-conjugate poles. We evaluate the one-loop fermion contribution to the scalar two-point function. Once the factor i of the eiS normalization is removed, the contribution is real for real external momentum below the threshold (m+m*)2 of the two constituents, which follows from the pairing of complex-conjugate terms in the loop integral. The thresholds of the equal-mass pairs sit at complex p2 and generate no cut on the real axis, while the mixed pair, whose constituent masses add up to the real number m+m*, opens a cut. Across this cut, the upper and lower boundary values are related by complex conjugation, so that the associated spectral density is real. Its positivity is not established here. The BRST construction of the action provides the starting point for an algebraic renormalization analysis.

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