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Adiabatic evolution of asymmetric binaries on generic orbits with new fundamental fields I: Characterization of gravitational wave fluxes

Sara Gliorio1,2,*, Matteo Della Rocca3,4,5,†, Susanna Barsanti6,‡, Leonardo Gualtieri4,7,§, Andrea Maselli1,2,∥, and Thomas P. Sotiriou8,9,¶

  • *Contact author: sara.gliorio@gssi.it
  • †Contact author: matteo.dellarocca@uniroma1.it
  • ‡Contact author: susanna.barsanti@ucd.ie
  • §Contact author: leonardo.gualtieri@unipi.it
  • ∥Contact author: andrea.maselli@gssi.it
  • Contact author: Thomas.Sotiriou@nottingham.ac.uk
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 064003 – Published 1 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/b3lv-8r4p

Abstract

We investigate the dynamics of asymmetric binaries in extensions of general relativity (GR) featuring a massless scalar field nonminimally coupled to gravity, focusing on the interplay between eccentricity and inclination in fully generic bound orbits. Building on an effective field theory framework tailored to extreme- and intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals, we compute scalar-field perturbations using a new arbitrary-precision c++ code capable of evolving perturbations along generic Kerr geodesics, storm. We investigate the complete set of scalar fluxes at infinity and through the horizon across the relevant parameter space and analyze their harmonic structure as a function of orbital geometry and black-hole spin. Our results advance ongoing efforts to construct accurate waveform models for asymmetric binaries beyond GR and lay the groundwork for precision tests of fundamental physics with next-generation gravitational-wave detectors.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 064003– Published 1 September, 2026
  • Received 23 March 2026
  • Accepted 29 June 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

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