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Study of the process e+e−→pp¯ via initial state radiation at BESIII

M. Ablikim1, M. N. Achasov10,d, P. Adlarson59, S. Ahmed15, M. Albrecht4, M. Alekseev58a,58c, A. Amoroso58a,58c, F. F. An1, Q. An55,43 et al. (BESIII Collaboration)

Q. An55,43, Y. Bai42, O. Bakina27, R. Baldini Ferroli23a, I. Balossino Balossino24a, Y. Ban35, K. Begzsuren25, J. V. Bennett5, N. Berger26, M. Bertani23a, D. Bettoni24a, F. Bianchi58a,58c, J. Biernat59, J. Bloms52, I. Boyko27, R. A. Briere5, H. Cai60, X. Cai1,43, A. Calcaterra23a, G. F. Cao1,47, N. Cao1,47, S. A. Cetin46b, J. Chai58c, J. F. Chang1,43, W. L. Chang1,47, G. Chelkov27,b,c, D. Y. Chen6, G. Chen1, H. S. Chen1,47, J. C. Chen1, M. L. Chen1,43, S. J. Chen33, Y. B. Chen1,43, W. Cheng58c, G. Cibinetto24a, F. Cossio58c, X. F. Cui34, H. L. Dai1,43, J. P. Dai38,h, X. C. Dai1,47, A. Dbeyssi15, D. Dedovich27, Z. Y. Deng1, A. Denig26, I. Denysenko27, M. Destefanis58a,58c, F. De Mori58a,58c, Y. Ding31, C. Dong34, J. Dong1,43, L. Y. Dong1,47, M. Y. Dong1,43,47, Z. L. Dou33, S. X. Du63, J. Z. Fan45, J. Fang1,43, S. S. Fang1,47, Y. Fang1, R. Farinelli24a,24b, L. Fava58b,58c, F. Feldbauer4, G. Felici23a, C. Q. Feng55,43, M. Fritsch4, C. D. Fu1, Y. Fu1, Q. Gao1, X. L. Gao55,43, Y. Gao45, Y. Gao56, Y. G. Gao6, Z. Gao55,43, B. Garillon26, I. Garzia24a, E. M. Gersabeck50, A. Gilman51, K. Goetzen11, L. Gong34, W. X. Gong1,43, W. Gradl26, M. Greco58a,58c, L. M. Gu33, M. H. Gu1,43, S. Gu2, Y. T. Gu13, A. Q. Guo22, L. B. Guo32, R. P. Guo36, Y. P. Guo26, A. Guskov27, S. Han60, X. Q. Hao16, F. A. Harris48, K. L. He1,47, F. H. Heinsius4, T. Held4, Y. K. Heng1,43,47, M. Himmelreich11,g, Y. R. Hou47, Z. L. Hou1, H. M. Hu1,47, J. F. Hu38,h, T. Hu1,43,47, Y. Hu1, G. S. Huang55,43, J. S. Huang16, X. T. Huang37, X. Z. Huang33, N. Huesken52, T. Hussain57, W. Ikegami Andersson59, W. Imoehl22, M. Irshad55,43, Q. Ji1, Q. P. Ji16, X. B. Ji1,47, X. L. Ji1,43, H. L. Jiang37, X. S. Jiang1,43,47, X. Y. Jiang34, J. B. Jiao37, Z. Jiao18, D. P. Jin1,43,47, S. Jin33, Y. Jin49, T. Johansson59, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki29, X. S. Kang31, R. Kappert29, M. Kavatsyuk29, B. C. Ke1, I. K. Keshk4, A. Khoukaz52, P. Kiese26, R. Kiuchi1, R. Kliemt11, L. Koch28, O. B. Kolcu46b,f, B. Kopf4, M. Kuemmel4, M. Kuessner4, A. Kupsc59, M. Kurth1, M. G. Kurth1,47, W. Kühn28, J. S. Lange28, P. Larin15, L. Lavezzi58c, H. Leithoff26, T. Lenz26, C. Li59, Cheng Li55,43, D. M. Li63, F. Li1,43, F. Y. Li35, G. Li1, H. B. Li1,47, H. J. Li9,j, J. C. Li1, J. W. Li41, Ke Li1, L. K. Li1, Lei Li3, P. L. Li55,43, P. R. Li30, Q. Y. Li37, W. D. Li1,47, W. G. Li1, X. H. Li55,43, X. L. Li37, X. N. Li1,43, Z. B. Li44, Z. Y. Li44, H. Liang1,47, H. Liang55,43, Y. F. Liang40, Y. T. Liang28, G. R. Liao12, L. Z. Liao1,47, J. Libby21, C. X. Lin44, D. X. Lin15, Y. J. Lin13, B. Liu38,h, B. J. Liu1, C. X. Liu1, D. Liu55,43, D. Y. Liu38,h, F. H. Liu39, Fang Liu1, Feng Liu6, H. B. Liu13, H. M. Liu1,47, Huanhuan Liu1, Huihui Liu17, J. B. Liu55,43, J. Y. Liu1,47, K. Y. Liu31, Ke Liu6, L. Y. Liu13, Q. Liu47, S. B. Liu55,43, T. Liu1,47, X. Liu30, X. Y. Liu1,47, Y. B. Liu34, Z. A. Liu1,43,47, Zhiqing Liu37, Y. F. Long35, X. C. Lou1,43,47, H. J. Lu18, J. D. Lu1,47, J. G. Lu1,43, Y. Lu1, Y. P. Lu1,43, C. L. Luo32, M. X. Luo62, P. W. Luo44, T. Luo9,j, X. L. Luo1,43, S. Lusso58c, X. R. Lyu47, F. C. Ma31, H. L. Ma1, L. L. Ma37, M. M. Ma1,47, Q. M. Ma1, X. N. Ma34, X. X. Ma1,47, X. Y. Ma1,43, Y. M. Ma37, F. E. Maas15, M. Maggiora58a,58c, S. Maldaner26, S. Malde53, Q. A. Malik57, A. Mangoni23b, Y. J. Mao35, Z. P. Mao1, S. Marcello58a,58c, Z. X. Meng49, J. G. Messchendorp29, G. Mezzadri24a, J. Min1,43, T. J. Min33, R. E. Mitchell22, X. H. Mo1,43,47, Y. J. Mo6, C. Morales Morales15, N. Yu. Muchnoi10,d, H. Muramatsu51, A. Mustafa4, S. Nakhoul11,g, Y. Nefedov27, F. Nerling11,g, I. B. Nikolaev10,d, Z. Ning1,43, S. Nisar8,k, S. L. Niu1,43, S. L. Olsen47, Q. Ouyang1,43,47, S. Pacetti23b, Y. Pan55,43, M. Papenbrock59, P. Patteri23a, M. Pelizaeus4, H. P. Peng55,43, K. Peters11,g, J. Pettersson59, J. L. Ping32, R. G. Ping1,47, A. Pitka4, R. Poling51, V. Prasad55,43, M. Qi33, T. Y. Qi2, S. Qian1,43, C. F. Qiao47, N. Qin60, X. P. Qin13, X. S. Qin4, Z. H. Qin1,43, J. F. Qiu1, S. Q. Qu34, K. H. Rashid57,i, C. F. Redmer26, M. Richter4, A. Rivetti58c, V. Rodin29, M. Rolo58c, G. Rong1,47, Ch. Rosner15, M. Rump52, A. Sarantsev27,e, M. Savrié24b, K. Schoenning59, W. Shan19, X. Y. Shan55,43, M. Shao55,43, C. P. Shen2, P. X. Shen34, X. Y. Shen1,47, H. Y. Sheng1, X. Shi1,43, X. D. Shi55,43, J. J. Song37, Q. Q. Song55,43, X. Y. Song1, S. Sosio58a,58c, C. Sowa4, S. Spataro58a,58c, F. F. Sui37, G. X. Sun1, J. F. Sun16, L. Sun60, S. S. Sun1,47, X. H. Sun1, Y. J. Sun55,43, Y. K. Sun55,43, Y. Z. Sun1, Z. J. Sun1,43, Z. T. Sun1, Y. T. Tan55,43, C. J. Tang40, G. Y. Tang1, X. Tang1, V. Thoren59, B. Tsednee25, I. Uman46d, B. Wang1, B. L. Wang47, C. W. Wang33, D. Y. Wang35, H. H. Wang37, K. Wang1,43, L. L. Wang1, L. S. Wang1, M. Wang37, M. Z. Wang35, Meng Wang1,47, P. L. Wang1, R. M. Wang61, W. P. Wang55,43, X. Wang35, X. F. Wang1, X. L. Wang9,j, Y. Wang44, Y. Wang55,43, Y. F. Wang1,43,47, Z. Wang1,43, Z. G. Wang1,43, Z. Y. Wang1, Zongyuan Wang1,47, T. Weber4, D. H. Wei12, P. Weidenkaff26, H. W. Wen32, S. P. Wen1, U. Wiedner4, G. Wilkinson53, M. Wolke59, L. H. Wu1, L. J. Wu1,47, Z. Wu1,43, L. Xia55,43, Y. Xia20, S. Y. Xiao1, Y. J. Xiao1,47, Z. J. Xiao32, Y. G. Xie1,43, Y. H. Xie6, T. Y. Xing1,47, X. A. Xiong1,47, Q. L. Xiu1,43, G. F. Xu1, J. J. Xu33, L. Xu1, Q. J. Xu14, W. Xu1,47, X. P. Xu41, F. Yan56, L. Yan58a,58c, W. B. Yan55,43, W. C. Yan2, Y. H. Yan20, H. J. Yang38,h, H. X. Yang1, L. Yang60, R. X. Yang55,43, S. L. Yang1,47, Y. H. Yang33, Y. X. Yang12, Yifan Yang1,47, Z. Q. Yang20, M. Ye1,43, M. H. Ye7, J. H. Yin1, Z. Y. You44, B. X. Yu1,43,47, C. X. Yu34, J. S. Yu20, C. Z. Yuan1,47, X. Q. Yuan35, Y. Yuan1, A. Yuncu46b,a, A. A. Zafar57, Y. Zeng20, B. X. Zhang1, B. Y. Zhang1,43, C. C. Zhang1, D. H. Zhang1, H. H. Zhang44, H. Y. Zhang1,43, J. Zhang1,47, J. L. Zhang61, J. Q. Zhang4, J. W. Zhang1,43,47, J. Y. Zhang1, J. Z. Zhang1,47, K. Zhang1,47, L. Zhang45, S. F. Zhang33, T. J. Zhang38,h, X. Y. Zhang37, Y. Zhang55,43, Y. H. Zhang1,43, Y. T. Zhang55,43, Yang Zhang1, Yao Zhang1, Yi Zhang9,j, Yu Zhang47, Z. H. Zhang6, Z. P. Zhang55, Z. Y. Zhang60, G. Zhao1, J. W. Zhao1,43, J. Y. Zhao1,47, J. Z. Zhao1,43, Lei Zhao55,43, Ling Zhao1, M. G. Zhao34, Q. Zhao1, S. J. Zhao63, T. C. Zhao1, Y. B. Zhao1,43, Z. G. Zhao55,43, A. Zhemchugov27,b, B. Zheng56, J. P. Zheng1,43, Y. Zheng35, Y. H. Zheng47, B. Zhong32, L. Zhou1,43, L. P. Zhou1,47, Q. Zhou1,47, X. Zhou60, X. K. Zhou47, X. R. Zhou55,43, Xiaoyu Zhou20, Xu Zhou20, A. N. Zhu1,47, J. Zhu34, J. Zhu44, K. Zhu1, K. J. Zhu1,43,47, S. H. Zhu54, W. J. Zhu34, X. L. Zhu45, Y. C. Zhu55,43, Y. S. Zhu1,47, Z. A. Zhu1,47, J. Zhuang1,43, B. S. Zou1, and J. H. Zou1 (BESIII Collaboration)

  • 1Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
  • 2Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
  • 3Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, People’s Republic of China
  • 4Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
  • 5Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
  • 6Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
  • 7China Center of Advanced Science and Technology, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
  • 8COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
  • 9Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, People’s Republic of China
  • 10G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
  • 11GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
  • 12Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
  • 13Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People’s Republic of China
  • 14Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People’s Republic of China
  • 15Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
  • 16Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People’s Republic of China
  • 17Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People’s Republic of China
  • 18Huangshan College, Huangshan 245000, People’s Republic of China
  • 19Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
  • 20Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
  • 21Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
  • 22Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
  • 23aINFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044, Frascati, Italy
  • 23bINFN and University of Perugia, I-06100, Perugia, Italy
  • 24aINFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
  • 24bUniversity of Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
  • 25Institute of Physics and Technology, Peace Ave. 54B, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia
  • 26Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
  • 27Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
  • 28Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
  • 29KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
  • 30Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
  • 31Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
  • 32Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
  • 33Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
  • 34Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
  • 35Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
  • 36Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
  • 37Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
  • 38Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
  • 39Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People’s Republic of China
  • 40Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
  • 41Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People’s Republic of China
  • 42Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, People’s Republic of China
  • 43State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
  • 44Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
  • 45Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
  • 46aAnkara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
  • 46bIstanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey
  • 46cUludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
  • 46dNear East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
  • 47University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
  • 48University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
  • 49University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic of China
  • 50University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
  • 51University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
  • 52University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
  • 53University of Oxford, Keble Rd, Oxford, United Kingdom OX13RH
  • 54University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, People’s Republic of China
  • 55University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
  • 56University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People’s Republic of China
  • 57University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
  • 58aUniversity of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy
  • 58bUniversity of Eastern Piedmont, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
  • 58cINFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
  • 59Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
  • 60Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
  • 61Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People’s Republic of China
  • 62Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
  • 63Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China

  • aAlso at Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
  • bAlso at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141700, Russia.
  • cAlso at the Functional Electronics Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
  • dAlso at the Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
  • eAlso at the NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, PNPI, 188300, Gatchina, Russia.
  • fAlso at Istanbul Arel University, 34295 Istanbul, Turkey.
  • gAlso at Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
  • hAlso at Key Laboratory for Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology; Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China.
  • iAlso at Government College Women University, Sialkot—51310. Punjab, Pakistan.
  • jAlso at Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) and Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, People’s Republic of China.
  • kAlso at Harvard University, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Phys. Rev. D 99, 092002 – Published 10 May, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.092002

Abstract

The Born cross section for the process e+e−→pp¯ is measured using the initial state radiation technique with an undetected photon. This analysis is based on datasets corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.5  fb−1, collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center of mass energies between 3.773 and 4.600 GeV. The Born cross section for the process e+e−→pp¯ and the proton effective form factor are determined in the pp¯ invariant mass range between 2.0 and 3.8  GeV/c2 divided into 30 intervals. The proton form factor ratio (|GE|/|GM|) is measured in 3 intervals of the pp¯ invariant mass between 2.0 and 3.0  GeV/c2.

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Phys. Rev. D 99, 092002– Published 10 May, 2019
  • Received 2 February 2019
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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