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Observable cosmological vector mode in the dark ages

Shohei Saga*

  • Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8602, Japan

  • *saga.shohei@nagoya-u.jp
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Phys. Rev. D 94, 063523 – Published 20 September, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.94.063523

Abstract

The second-order vector mode is inevitably induced from the coupling of first-order scalar modes in cosmological perturbation theory and might hinder a possible detection of primordial gravitational waves from inflation through 21 cm lensing observations. Here, we investigate the weak lensing signal in 21 cm photons emitted by neutral hydrogen atoms in the dark ages induced by the second-order vector mode by decomposing the deflection angle of the 21 cm lensing signal into the gradient and curl modes. The curl mode is a good tracer of the cosmological vector and tensor modes since the scalar mode does not induce the curl one. By comparing angular power spectra of the 21 cm lensing curl mode induced by the second-order vector mode and primordial gravitational waves whose amplitude is parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio r, we find that the 21 cm curl mode from the second-order vector mode dominates over that from primordial gravitational waves on almost all scales if r≲10−5. If we use the multipoles of the power spectrum up to ℓmax=105 and 106 in reconstructing the curl mode from 21 cm temperature maps, the signal-to-noise ratios of the 21 cm curl mode from the second-order vector mode achieve S/N≈0.46 and 73, respectively. Observation of 21 cm radiation is, in principle, a powerful tool to explore not only the tensor mode but also the cosmological vector mode.

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Phys. Rev. D 94, 063523– Published 20 September, 2016
  • Received 19 July 2016

© 2016 American Physical Society

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