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Emergent universe in Hořava-Lifshitz-like F(R) gravity

M. Khodadi1,*, Y. Heydarzade2,†, F. Darabi2,3,‡, and E. N. Saridakis4,5,§

  • 1Young Researchers and Elite Club, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh, Iran
  • 2Department of Physics, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53714-161, Iran
  • 3Research Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of Maragha (RIAAM), Maragha 55134-441, Iran
  • 4CASPER, Physics Department, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7310, USA
  • 5Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad de Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4950, Valparaíso, Chile

  • *m.khodadi@iaufb.ac.ir
  • †heydarzade@azaruniv.edu
  • ‡f.darabi@azaruniv.edu
  • §Emmanuel_Saridakis@baylor.edu
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Phys. Rev. D 93, 124019 – Published 7 June, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.124019

Abstract

We investigate the Einstein static universe (ESU) and the emergent universe scenario in the framework of Hořava-Lifshitz-like F(R) gravity. We first perform a dynamical analysis in the phase space, and amongst others we show that a spatially open universe filled with matter satisfying the strong energy condition can exhibit a stable static phase. Additionally, we examine the behavior of the scenario under scalar perturbations and extract the conditions under which it is free of perturbative instabilities, showing that the obtained background ESU solutions are free of such instabilities. However, in order for the Einstein static universe to give rise to the emergent universe scenario we need to have an exotic matter sector that can lead the universe to depart from the stable static state and enter into its usual expanding thermal history.

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Phys. Rev. D 93, 124019– Published 7 June, 2016
  • Received 9 January 2016

© 2016 American Physical Society

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