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Observing gravitational-wave transient GW150914 with minimal assumptions

B. P. Abbott¹, R. Abbott¹, T. D. Abbott², M. R. Abernathy¹, F. Acernese^3,4, K. Ackley⁵, C. Adams⁶, T. Adams⁷, P. Addesso³ et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration)

P. Addesso³, R. X. Adhikari¹, V. B. Adya⁸, C. Affeldt⁸, M. Agathos⁹, K. Agatsuma⁹, N. Aggarwal¹⁰, O. D. Aguiar¹¹, L. Aiello^12,13, A. Ain¹⁴, P. Ajith¹⁵, B. Allen^8,16,17, A. Allocca^18,19, P. A. Altin²⁰, S. B. Anderson¹, W. G. Anderson¹⁶, K. Arai¹, M. C. Araya¹, C. C. Arceneaux²¹, J. S. Areeda²², N. Arnaud²³, K. G. Arun²⁴, S. Ascenzi^25,13, G. Ashton²⁶, M. Ast²⁷, S. M. Aston⁶, P. Astone²⁸, P. Aufmuth⁸, C. Aulbert⁸, S. Babak²⁹, P. Bacon³⁰, M. K. M. Bader⁹, P. T. Baker³¹, F. Baldaccini^32,33, G. Ballardin³⁴, S. W. Ballmer³⁵, J. C. Barayoga¹, S. E. Barclay³⁶, B. C. Barish¹, D. Barker³⁷, F. Barone^3,4, B. Barr³⁶, L. Barsotti¹⁰, M. Barsuglia³⁰, D. Barta³⁸, J. Bartlett³⁷, I. Bartos³⁹, R. Bassiri⁴⁰, A. Basti^18,19, J. C. Batch³⁷, C. Baune⁸, V. Bavigadda³⁴, M. Bazzan^41,42, B. Behnke²⁹, M. Bejger⁴³, A. S. Bell³⁶, C. J. Bell³⁶, B. K. Berger¹, J. Bergman³⁷, G. Bergmann⁸, C. P. L. Berry⁴⁴, D. Bersanetti^45,46, A. Bertolini⁹, J. Betzwieser⁶, S. Bhagwat³⁵, R. Bhandare⁴⁷, I. A. Bilenko⁴⁸, G. Billingsley¹, J. Birch⁶, I. A. Birney⁴⁹, S. Biscans¹⁰, A. Bisht^8,17, M. Bitossi³⁴, C. Biwer³⁵, M. A. Bizouard²³, J. K. Blackburn¹, L. Blackburn¹⁰, C. D. Blair⁵⁰, D. G. Blair⁵⁰, R. M. Blair³⁷, S. Bloemen⁵¹, O. Bock⁸, T. P. Bodiya¹⁰, M. Boer⁵², G. Bogaert⁵², C. Bogan⁸, A. Bohe²⁹, P. Bojtos⁵³, C. Bond⁴⁴, F. Bondu⁵⁴, R. Bonnand⁷, B. A. Boom⁹, R. Bork¹, V. Boschi^18,19, S. Bose^55,14, Y. Bouffanais³⁰, A. Bozzi³⁴, C. Bradaschia¹⁹, P. R. Brady¹⁶, V. B. Braginsky⁴⁸, M. Branchesi^56,57, J. E. Brau⁵⁸, T. Briant⁵⁹, A. Brillet⁵², M. Brinkmann⁸, V. Brisson²³, P. Brockill¹⁶, A. F. Brooks¹, D. A. Brown³⁵, D. D. Brown⁴⁴, N. M. Brown¹⁰, C. C. Buchanan², A. Buikema¹⁰, T. Bulik⁶⁰, H. J. Bulten^61,9, A. Buonanno^29,62, D. Buskulic⁷, C. Buy³⁰, R. L. Byer⁴⁰, L. Cadonati⁶³, G. Cagnoli^64,65, C. Cahillane¹, J. Calderón Bustillo^66,63, T. Callister¹, E. Calloni^67,4, J. B. Camp⁶⁸, K. C. Cannon⁶⁹, J. Cao⁷⁰, C. D. Capano⁸, E. Capocasa³⁰, F. Carbognani³⁴, S. Caride⁷¹, J. Casanueva Diaz²³, C. Casentini^25,13, S. Caudill¹⁶, M. Cavaglià²¹, F. Cavalier²³, R. Cavalieri³⁴, G. Cella¹⁹, C. B. Cepeda¹, L. Cerboni Baiardi^56,57, G. Cerretani^18,19, E. Cesarini^25,13, R. Chakraborty¹, S. Chatterji¹⁰, T. Chalermsongsak¹, S. J. Chamberlin⁷², M. Chan³⁶, S. Chao⁷³, P. Charlton⁷⁴, E. Chassande-Mottin³⁰, H. Y. Chen⁷⁵, Y. Chen⁷⁶, C. Cheng⁷³, A. Chincarini⁴⁶, A. Chiummo³⁴, H. S. Cho⁷⁷, M. Cho⁶², J. H. Chow²⁰, N. Christensen⁷⁸, Q. Chu⁵⁰, S. Chua⁵⁹, S. Chung⁵⁰, G. Ciani⁵, F. Clara³⁷, J. A. Clark⁶³, M. Clark⁶³, F. Cleva⁵², E. Coccia^25,12,13, P.-F. Cohadon⁵⁹, A. Colla^79,28, C. G. Collette⁸⁰, L. Cominsky⁸¹, M. Constancio, Jr.¹¹, A. Conte^79,28, L. Conti⁴², D. Cook³⁷, T. R. Corbitt², N. Cornish³¹, A. Corsi⁷¹, S. Cortese³⁴, C. A. Costa¹¹, M. W. Coughlin⁷⁸, S. B. Coughlin⁸², J.-P. Coulon⁵², S. T. Countryman³⁹, P. Couvares¹, E. E. Cowan⁶³, D. M. Coward⁵⁰, M. J. Cowart⁶, D. C. Coyne¹, R. Coyne⁷¹, K. Craig³⁶, J. D. E. Creighton¹⁶, J. Cripe², S. G. Crowder⁸³, A. Cumming³⁶, L. Cunningham³⁶, E. Cuoco³⁴, T. Dal Canton⁸, S. L. Danilishin³⁶, S. D’Antonio¹³, K. Danzmann^17,8, N. S. Darman⁸⁴, V. Dattilo³⁴, I. Dave⁴⁷, H. P. Daveloza⁸⁵, M. Davier²³, G. S. Davies³⁶, E. J. Daw⁸⁶, R. Day³⁴, D. DeBra⁴⁰, G. Debreczeni³⁸, J. Degallaix⁶⁵, M. De Laurentis^67,4, S. Deléglise⁵⁹, W. Del Pozzo⁴⁴, T. Denker^8,17, T. Dent⁸, H. Dereli⁵², V. Dergachev¹, R. T. DeRosa⁶, R. De Rosa^67,4, R. DeSalvo⁸⁷, S. Dhurandhar¹⁴, M. C. Díaz⁸⁵, L. Di Fiore⁴, M. Di Giovanni^79,28, A. Di Lieto^18,19, S. Di Pace^79,28, I. Di Palma^29,8, A. Di Virgilio¹⁹, G. Dojcinoski⁸⁸, V. Dolique⁶⁵, F. Donovan¹⁰, K. L. Dooley²¹, S. Doravari^6,8, R. Douglas³⁶, T. P. Downes¹⁶, M. Drago^8,89,90, R. W. P. Drever¹, J. C. Driggers³⁷, Z. Du⁷⁰, M. Ducrot⁷, S. E. Dwyer³⁷, T. B. Edo⁸⁶, M. C. Edwards⁷⁸, A. Effler⁶, H.-B. Eggenstein⁸, P. Ehrens¹, J. Eichholz⁵, S. S. Eikenberry⁵, W. Engels⁷⁶, R. C. Essick¹⁰, T. Etzel¹, M. Evans¹⁰, T. M. Evans⁶, R. Everett⁷², M. Factourovich³⁹, V. Fafone^25,13,12, H. Fair³⁵, S. Fairhurst⁹¹, X. Fan⁷⁰, Q. Fang⁵⁰, S. Farinon⁴⁶, B. Farr⁷⁵, W. M. Farr⁴⁴, M. Favata⁸⁸, M. Fays⁹¹, H. Fehrmann⁸, M. M. Fejer⁴⁰, I. Ferrante^18,19, E. C. Ferreira¹¹, F. Ferrini³⁴, F. Fidecaro^18,19, I. Fiori³⁴, D. Fiorucci³⁰, R. P. Fisher³⁵, R. Flaminio^65,92, M. Fletcher³⁶, J.-D. Fournier⁵², S. Franco²³, S. Frasca^79,28, F. Frasconi¹⁹, Z. Frei⁵³, A. Freise⁴⁴, R. Frey⁵⁸, V. Frey²³, T. T. Fricke⁸, P. Fritschel¹⁰, V. V. Frolov⁶, P. Fulda⁵, M. Fyffe⁶, H. A. G. Gabbard²¹, J. R. Gair⁹³, L. Gammaitoni^32,33, S. G. Gaonkar¹⁴, F. Garufi^67,4, A. Gatto³⁰, G. Gaur^94,95, N. Gehrels⁶⁸, G. Gemme⁴⁶, B. Gendre⁵², E. Genin³⁴, A. Gennai¹⁹, J. George⁴⁷, L. Gergely⁹⁶, V. Germain⁷, Archisman Ghosh¹⁵, S. Ghosh^51,9, J. A. Giaime^2,6, K. D. Giardina⁶, A. Giazotto¹⁹, K. Gill⁹⁷, A. Glaefke³⁶, E. Goetz⁹⁸, R. Goetz⁵, L. Gondan⁵³, G. González², J. M. Gonzalez Castro^18,19, A. Gopakumar⁹⁹, N. A. Gordon³⁶, M. L. Gorodetsky⁴⁸, S. E. Gossan¹, M. Gosselin³⁴, R. Gouaty⁷, C. Graef³⁶, P. B. Graff⁶², M. Granata⁶⁵, A. Grant³⁶, S. Gras¹⁰, C. Gray³⁷, G. Greco^56,57, A. C. Green⁴⁴, P. Groot⁵¹, H. Grote⁸, S. Grunewald²⁹, G. M. Guidi^56,57, X. Guo⁷⁰, A. Gupta¹⁴, M. K. Gupta⁹⁵, K. E. Gushwa¹, E. K. Gustafson¹, R. Gustafson⁹⁸, R. Haas²⁹, J. J. Hacker²², B. R. Hall⁵⁵, E. D. Hall¹, G. Hammond³⁶, M. Haney⁹⁹, M. M. Hanke⁸, J. Hanks³⁷, C. Hanna⁷², M. D. Hannam⁹¹, J. Hanson⁶, T. Hardwick², J. Harms^56,57, G. M. Harry¹⁰⁰, I. W. Harry²⁹, M. J. Hart³⁶, M. T. Hartman⁵, C.-J. Haster⁴⁴, K. Haughian³⁶, J. Healy¹¹², A. Heidmann⁵⁹, M. C. Heintze^5,6, H. Heitmann⁵², P. Hello²³, G. Hemming³⁴, M. Hendry³⁶, I. S. Heng³⁶, J. Hennig³⁶, A. W. Heptonstall¹, M. Heurs^8,17, S. Hild³⁶, I. Hinder²⁹, D. Hoak¹⁰¹, K. A. Hodge¹, D. Hofman⁶⁵, S. E. Hollitt¹⁰², K. Holt⁶, D. E. Holz⁷⁵, P. Hopkins⁹¹, D. J. Hosken¹⁰², J. Hough³⁶, E. A. Houston³⁶, E. J. Howell⁵⁰, Y. M. Hu³⁶, S. Huang⁷³, E. A. Huerta^103,82, D. Huet²³, B. Hughey⁹⁷, S. Husa⁶⁶, S. H. Huttner³⁶, T. Huynh-Dinh⁶, A. Idrisy⁷², N. Indik⁸, D. R. Ingram³⁷, R. Inta⁷¹, H. N. Isa³⁶, J.-M. Isac⁵⁹, M. Isi¹, G. Islas²², T. Isogai¹⁰, B. R. Iyer¹⁵, K. Izumi³⁷, T. Jacqmin⁵⁹, H. Jang⁷⁷, K. Jani⁶³, P. Jaranowski¹⁰⁴, S. Jawahar¹⁰⁵, F. Jiménez-Forteza⁶⁶, W. W. Johnson², D. I. Jones²⁶, R. Jones³⁶, R. J. G. Jonker⁹, L. Ju⁵⁰, Haris K.¹⁰⁶, C. V. Kalaghatgi^24,91, V. Kalogera⁸², S. Kandhasamy²¹, G. Kang⁷⁷, J. B. Kanner¹, S. Karki⁵⁸, M. Kasprzack^2,23,34, E. Katsavounidis¹⁰, W. Katzman⁶, S. Kaufer¹⁷, T. Kaur⁵⁰, K. Kawabe³⁷, F. Kawazoe^8,17, F. Kéfélian⁵², M. S. Kehl⁶⁹, D. Keitel^8,66, D. B. Kelley³⁵, W. Kells¹, R. Kennedy⁸⁶, J. S. Key⁸⁵, A. Khalaidovski⁸, F. Y. Khalili⁴⁸, I. Khan¹², S. Khan⁹¹, Z. Khan⁹⁵, E. A. Khazanov¹⁰⁷, N. Kijbunchoo³⁷, C. Kim⁷⁷, J. Kim¹⁰⁸, K. Kim¹⁰⁹, Nam-Gyu Kim⁷⁷, Namjun Kim⁴⁰, Y.-M. Kim¹⁰⁸, E. J. King¹⁰², P. J. King³⁷, M. Kinsey⁶³, D. L. Kinzel⁶, J. S. Kissel³⁷, L. Kleybolte²⁷, S. Klimenko⁵, S. M. Koehlenbeck⁸, K. Kokeyama², S. Koley⁹, V. Kondrashov¹, A. Kontos¹⁰, M. Korobko²⁷, W. Z. Korth¹, I. Kowalska⁶⁰, D. B. Kozak¹, V. Kringel⁸, A. Królak^110,111, C. Krueger¹⁷, G. Kuehn⁸, P. Kumar⁶⁹, L. Kuo⁷³, A. Kutynia¹¹⁰, B. D. Lackey³⁵, P. Laguna⁶³, M. Landry³⁷, J. Lange¹¹², B. Lantz⁴⁰, P. D. Lasky¹¹³, A. Lazzarini¹, C. Lazzaro^63,42, P. Leaci^29,79,28, S. Leavey³⁶, E. O. Lebigot^30,70, C. H. Lee¹⁰⁸, H. K. Lee¹⁰⁹, H. M. Lee¹¹⁴, K. Lee³⁶, A. Lenon³⁵, M. Leonardi^89,90, J. R. Leong⁸, N. Leroy²³, N. Letendre⁷, Y. Levin¹¹³, B. M. Levine³⁷, T. G. F. Li¹, A. Libson¹⁰, T. B. Littenberg¹¹⁵, N. A. Lockerbie¹⁰⁵, J. Logue³⁶, A. L. Lombardi¹⁰¹, J. E. Lord³⁵, M. Lorenzini^12,13, V. Loriette¹¹⁶, M. Lormand⁶, G. Losurdo⁵⁷, J. D. Lough^8,17, H. Lück^17,8, A. P. Lundgren⁸, J. Luo⁷⁸, R. Lynch¹⁰, Y. Ma⁵⁰, T. MacDonald⁴⁰, B. Machenschalk⁸, M. MacInnis¹⁰, D. M. Macleod², F. Magaña-Sandoval³⁵, R. M. Magee⁵⁵, M. Mageswaran¹, E. Majorana²⁸, I. Maksimovic¹¹⁶, V. Malvezzi^25,13, N. Man⁵², I. Mandel⁴⁴, V. Mandic⁸³, V. Mangano³⁶, G. L. Mansell²⁰, M. Manske¹⁶, M. Mantovani³⁴, F. Marchesoni^117,33, F. Marion⁷, S. Márka³⁹, Z. Márka³⁹, A. S. Markosyan⁴⁰, E. Maros¹, F. Martelli^56,57, L. Martellini⁵², I. W. Martin³⁶, R. M. Martin⁵, D. V. Martynov¹, J. N. Marx¹, K. Mason¹⁰, A. Masserot⁷, T. J. Massinger³⁵, M. Masso-Reid³⁶, F. Matichard¹⁰, L. Matone³⁹, N. Mavalvala¹⁰, N. Mazumder⁵⁵, G. Mazzolo⁸, R. McCarthy³⁷, D. E. McClelland²⁰, S. McCormick⁶, S. C. McGuire¹¹⁸, G. McIntyre¹, J. McIver¹, D. J. McManus²⁰, S. T. McWilliams¹⁰³, D. Meacher⁷², G. D. Meadors^29,8, J. Meidam⁹, A. Melatos⁸⁴, G. Mendell³⁷, D. Mendoza-Gandara⁸, R. A. Mercer¹⁶, E. Merilh³⁷, M. Merzougui⁵², S. Meshkov¹, C. Messenger³⁶, C. Messick⁷², P. M. Meyers⁸³, F. Mezzani^28,79, H. Miao⁴⁴, C. Michel⁶⁵, H. Middleton⁴⁴, E. E. Mikhailov¹¹⁹, L. Milano^67,4, J. Miller¹⁰, M. Millhouse³¹, Y. Minenkov¹³, J. Ming^29,8, S. Mirshekari¹²⁰, C. Mishra¹⁵, S. Mitra¹⁴, V. P. Mitrofanov⁴⁸, G. Mitselmakher⁵, R. Mittleman¹⁰, A. Moggi¹⁹, M. Mohan³⁴, S. R. P. Mohapatra¹⁰, M. Montani^56,57, B. C. Moore⁸⁸, C. J. Moore¹²¹, D. Moraru³⁷, G. Moreno³⁷, S. R. Morriss⁸⁵, K. Mossavi⁸, B. Mours⁷, C. M. Mow-Lowry⁴⁴, C. L. Mueller⁵, G. Mueller⁵, A. W. Muir⁹¹, Arunava Mukherjee¹⁵, D. Mukherjee¹⁶, S. Mukherjee⁸⁵, N. Mukund¹⁴, A. Mullavey⁶, J. Munch¹⁰², D. J. Murphy³⁹, P. G. Murray³⁶, A. Mytidis⁵, I. Nardecchia^25,13, L. Naticchioni^79,28, R. K. Nayak¹²², V. Necula⁵, K. Nedkova¹⁰¹, G. Nelemans^51,9, M. Neri^45,46, A. Neunzert⁹⁸, G. Newton³⁶, T. T. Nguyen²⁰, A. B. Nielsen⁸, S. Nissanke^51,9, A. Nitz⁸, F. Nocera³⁴, D. Nolting⁶, M. E. Normandin⁸⁵, L. K. Nuttall³⁵, J. Oberling³⁷, E. Ochsner¹⁶, J. O’Dell¹²³, E. Oelker¹⁰, G. H. Ogin¹²⁴, J. J. Oh¹²⁵, S. H. Oh¹²⁵, F. Ohme⁹¹, M. Oliver⁶⁶, P. Oppermann⁸, Richard J. Oram⁶, B. O’Reilly⁶, R. O’Shaughnessy¹¹², C. D. Ott⁷⁶, D. J. Ottaway¹⁰², R. S. Ottens⁵, H. Overmier⁶, B. J. Owen⁷¹, A. Pai¹⁰⁶, S. A. Pai⁴⁷, J. R. Palamos⁵⁸, O. Palashov¹⁰⁷, C. Palomba²⁸, A. Pal-Singh²⁷, H. Pan⁷³, C. Pankow⁸², F. Pannarale⁹¹, B. C. Pant⁴⁷, F. Paoletti^34,19, A. Paoli³⁴, M. A. Papa^29,16,8, J. Page¹¹⁵, H. R. Paris⁴⁰, W. Parker⁶, D. Pascucci³⁶, A. Pasqualetti³⁴, R. Passaquieti^18,19, D. Passuello¹⁹, B. Patricelli^18,19, Z. Patrick⁴⁰, B. L. Pearlstone³⁶, M. Pedraza¹, R. Pedurand⁶⁵, L. Pekowsky³⁵, A. Pele⁶, S. Penn¹²⁶, A. Perreca¹, M. Phelps³⁶, O. Piccinni^79,28, M. Pichot⁵², F. Piergiovanni^56,57, V. Pierro⁸⁷, G. Pillant³⁴, L. Pinard⁶⁵, I. M. Pinto⁸⁷, M. Pitkin³⁶, R. Poggiani^18,19, P. Popolizio³⁴, A. Post⁸, J. Powell³⁶, J. Prasad¹⁴, V. Predoi⁹¹, S. S. Premachandra¹¹³, T. Prestegard⁸³, L. R. Price¹, M. Prijatelj³⁴, M. Principe⁸⁷, S. Privitera²⁹, G. A. Prodi^89,90, L. Prokhorov⁴⁸, O. Puncken⁸, M. Punturo³³, P. Puppo²⁸, M. Pürrer²⁹, H. Qi¹⁶, J. Qin⁵⁰, V. Quetschke⁸⁵, E. A. Quintero¹, R. Quitzow-James⁵⁸, F. J. Raab³⁷, D. S. Rabeling²⁰, H. Radkins³⁷, P. Raffai⁵³, S. Raja⁴⁷, M. Rakhmanov⁸⁵, P. Rapagnani^79,28, V. Raymond²⁹, M. Razzano^18,19, V. Re²⁵, J. Read²², C. M. Reed³⁷, T. Regimbau⁵², L. Rei⁴⁶, S. Reid⁴⁹, D. H. Reitze^1,5, H. Rew¹¹⁹, S. D. Reyes³⁵, F. Ricci^79,28, K. Riles⁹⁸, N. A. Robertson^1,36, R. Robie³⁶, F. Robinet²³, A. Rocchi¹³, L. Rolland⁷, J. G. Rollins¹, V. J. Roma⁵⁸, R. Romano^3,4, G. Romanov¹¹⁹, J. H. Romie⁶, D. Rosińska^127,43, S. Rowan³⁶, A. Rüdiger⁸, P. Ruggi³⁴, K. Ryan³⁷, S. Sachdev¹, T. Sadecki³⁷, L. Sadeghian¹⁶, L. Salconi³⁴, M. Saleem¹⁰⁶, F. Salemi⁸, A. Samajdar¹²², L. Sammut^84,113, E. J. Sanchez¹, V. Sandberg³⁷, B. Sandeen⁸², J. R. Sanders^98,35, B. Sassolas⁶⁵, B. S. Sathyaprakash⁹¹, P. R. Saulson³⁵, O. Sauter⁹⁸, R. L. Savage³⁷, A. Sawadsky¹⁷, P. Schale⁵⁸, R. Schilling^8,‡, J. Schmidt⁸, P. Schmidt^1,76, R. Schnabel²⁷, R. M. S. Schofield⁵⁸, A. Schönbeck²⁷, E. Schreiber⁸, D. Schuette^8,17, B. F. Schutz^91,29, J. Scott³⁶, S. M. Scott²⁰, D. Sellers⁶, A. S. Sengupta⁹⁴, D. Sentenac³⁴, V. Sequino^25,13, A. Sergeev¹⁰⁷, G. Serna²², Y. Setyawati^51,9, A. Sevigny³⁷, D. A. Shaddock²⁰, S. Shah^51,9, M. S. Shahriar⁸², M. Shaltev⁸, Z. Shao¹, B. Shapiro⁴⁰, P. Shawhan⁶², A. Sheperd¹⁶, D. H. Shoemaker¹⁰, D. M. Shoemaker⁶³, K. Siellez^52,63, X. Siemens¹⁶, D. Sigg³⁷, A. D. Silva¹¹, D. Simakov⁸, A. Singer¹, L. P. Singer⁶⁸, A. Singh^29,8, R. Singh², A. Singhal¹², A. M. Sintes⁶⁶, B. J. J. Slagmolen²⁰, J. R. Smith²², N. D. Smith¹, R. J. E. Smith¹, E. J. Son¹²⁵, B. Sorazu³⁶, F. Sorrentino⁴⁶, T. Souradeep¹⁴, A. K. Srivastava⁹⁵, A. Staley³⁹, M. Steinke⁸, J. Steinlechner³⁶, S. Steinlechner³⁶, D. Steinmeyer^8,17, B. C. Stephens¹⁶, R. Stone⁸⁵, K. A. Strain³⁶, N. Straniero⁶⁵, G. Stratta^56,57, N. A. Strauss⁷⁸, S. Strigin⁴⁸, R. Sturani¹²⁰, A. L. Stuver⁶, T. Z. Summerscales¹²⁸, L. Sun⁸⁴, P. J. Sutton⁹¹, B. L. Swinkels³⁴, M. J. Szczepańczyk⁹⁷, M. Tacca³⁰, D. Talukder⁵⁸, D. B. Tanner⁵, M. Tápai⁹⁶, S. P. Tarabrin⁸, A. Taracchini²⁹, R. Taylor¹, T. Theeg⁸, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam¹, E. G. Thomas⁴⁴, M. Thomas⁶, P. Thomas³⁷, K. A. Thorne⁶, K. S. Thorne⁷⁶, E. Thrane¹¹³, S. Tiwari¹², V. Tiwari⁹¹, K. V. Tokmakov¹⁰⁵, C. Tomlinson⁸⁶, M. Tonelli^18,19, C. V. Torres^85,†, C. I. Torrie¹, D. Töyrä⁴⁴, F. Travasso^32,33, G. Traylor⁶, D. Trifirò²¹, M. C. Tringali^89,90, L. Trozzo^129,19, M. Tse¹⁰, M. Turconi⁵², D. Tuyenbayev⁸⁵, D. Ugolini¹³⁰, C. S. Unnikrishnan⁹⁹, A. L. Urban¹⁶, S. A. Usman³⁵, H. Vahlbruch¹⁷, G. Vajente¹, G. Valdes⁸⁵, N. van Bakel⁹, M. van Beuzekom⁹, J. F. J. van den Brand^61,9, C. Van Den Broeck⁹, D. C. Vander-Hyde^35,22, L. van der Schaaf⁹, J. V. van Heijningen⁹, A. A. van Veggel³⁶, M. Vardaro^41,42, S. Vass¹, M. Vasúth³⁸, R. Vaulin¹⁰, A. Vecchio⁴⁴, G. Vedovato⁴², J. Veitch⁴⁴, P. J. Veitch¹⁰², K. Venkateswara¹³¹, D. Verkindt⁷, F. Vetrano^56,57, A. Viceré^56,57, S. Vinciguerra⁴⁴, D. J. Vine⁴⁹, J.-Y. Vinet⁵², S. Vitale¹⁰, T. Vo³⁵, H. Vocca^32,33, C. Vorvick³⁷, D. Voss⁵, W. D. Vousden⁴⁴, S. P. Vyatchanin⁴⁸, A. R. Wade²⁰, L. E. Wade¹³², M. Wade¹³², M. Walker², L. Wallace¹, S. Walsh^16,8,29, G. Wang¹², H. Wang⁴⁴, M. Wang⁴⁴, X. Wang⁷⁰, Y. Wang⁵⁰, R. L. Ward²⁰, J. Warner³⁷, M. Was⁷, B. Weaver³⁷, L.-W. Wei⁵², M. Weinert⁸, A. J. Weinstein¹, R. Weiss¹⁰, T. Welborn⁶, L. Wen⁵⁰, P. Weßels⁸, T. Westphal⁸, K. Wette⁸, J. T. Whelan^112,8, D. J. White⁸⁶, B. F. Whiting⁵, D. Williams³⁶, R. D. Williams¹, A. R. Williamson⁹¹, J. L. Willis¹³³, B. Willke^17,8, M. H. Wimmer^8,17, W. Winkler⁸, C. C. Wipf¹, H. Wittel^8,17, G. Woan³⁶, J. Worden³⁷, J. L. Wright³⁶, G. Wu⁶, J. Yablon⁸², W. Yam¹⁰, H. Yamamoto¹, C. C. Yancey⁶², M. J. Yap²⁰, H. Yu¹⁰, M. Yvert⁷, A. Zadrożny¹¹⁰, L. Zangrando⁴², M. Zanolin⁹⁷, J.-P. Zendri⁴², M. Zevin⁸², F. Zhang¹⁰, L. Zhang¹, M. Zhang¹¹⁹, Y. Zhang¹¹², C. Zhao⁵⁰, M. Zhou⁸², Z. Zhou⁸², X. J. Zhu⁵⁰, M. E. Zucker^1,10, S. E. Zuraw¹⁰¹, and J. Zweizig¹ (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration)

¹LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
²Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
³Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
⁴INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
⁵University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
⁶LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
⁷Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
⁸Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
⁹Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
¹⁰LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
¹¹Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
¹²INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
¹³INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
¹⁴Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
¹⁵International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560012, India
¹⁶University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
¹⁷Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
¹⁸Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
¹⁹INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
²⁰Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
²¹The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
²²California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
²³LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
²⁴Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
²⁵Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
²⁶University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
²⁷Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
²⁸INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
²⁹Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
³⁰APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
³¹Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
³²Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
³³INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
³⁴European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
³⁵Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
³⁶SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
³⁷LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
³⁸Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
³⁹Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
⁴⁰Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
⁴¹Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
⁴²INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
⁴³CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
⁴⁴University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
⁴⁵Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
⁴⁶INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
⁴⁷RRCAT, Indore, MP 452013, India
⁴⁸Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
⁴⁹SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
⁵⁰University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
⁵¹Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
⁵²Artemis, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CS 34229 Nice cedex 4, France
⁵³MTA Eötvös University, “Lendulet” Astrophysics Research Group, Budapest 1117, Hungary
⁵⁴Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
⁵⁵Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
⁵⁶Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
⁵⁷INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
⁵⁸University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
⁵⁹Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
⁶⁰Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
⁶¹VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
⁶²University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
⁶³Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
⁶⁴Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5306, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
⁶⁵Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
⁶⁶Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3—IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
⁶⁷Università di Napoli “Federico II,” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
⁶⁸NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
⁶⁹Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
⁷⁰Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
⁷¹Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
⁷²The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
⁷³National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
⁷⁴Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
⁷⁵University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
⁷⁶Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
⁷⁷Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
⁷⁸Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
⁷⁹Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
⁸⁰University of Brussels, Brussels 1050, Belgium
⁸¹Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA
⁸²Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
⁸³University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
⁸⁴The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
⁸⁵The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
⁸⁶The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
⁸⁷University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
⁸⁸Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
⁸⁹Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
⁹⁰INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
⁹¹Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
⁹²National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
⁹³School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
⁹⁴Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382424, India
⁹⁵Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
⁹⁶University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
⁹⁷Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
⁹⁸University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
⁹⁹Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
¹⁰⁰American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
¹⁰¹University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
¹⁰²University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
¹⁰³West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
¹⁰⁴University of Biał ystok, 15-424 Białystok, Poland
¹⁰⁵SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
¹⁰⁶IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695016, India
¹⁰⁷Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
¹⁰⁸Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
¹⁰⁹Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
¹¹⁰NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
¹¹¹IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland
¹¹²Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
¹¹³Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
¹¹⁴Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
¹¹⁵University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
¹¹⁶ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
¹¹⁷Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
¹¹⁸Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
¹¹⁹College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
¹²⁰Instituto de Física Teórica, University Estadual Paulista/ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Sao Paulo, SP 01140-070, Brazil
¹²¹University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
¹²²IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
¹²³Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
¹²⁴Whitman College, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, Washington 99362 USA
¹²⁵National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
¹²⁶Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
¹²⁷Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland
¹²⁸Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104, USA
¹²⁹Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
¹³⁰Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
¹³¹University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
¹³²Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
¹³³Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA

^*Full author list given at the end of the article.
^†Deceased, May 2015.
^‡Deceased, March 2015.

PDF

Phys. Rev. D 93, 122004 – Published 7 June, 2016Erratum Phys. Rev. D 94, 069903 (2016)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.122004

Abstract

The gravitational-wave signal GW150914 was first identified on September 14, 2015, by searches for short-duration gravitational-wave transients. These searches identify time-correlated transients in multiple detectors with minimal assumptions about the signal morphology, allowing them to be sensitive to gravitational waves emitted by a wide range of sources including binary black hole mergers. Over the observational period from September 12 to October 20, 2015, these transient searches were sensitive to binary black hole mergers similar to GW150914 to an average distance of $\sim 600 Mpc$ . In this paper, we describe the analyses that first detected GW150914 as well as the parameter estimation and waveform reconstruction techniques that initially identified GW150914 as the merger of two black holes. We find that the reconstructed waveform is consistent with the signal from a binary black hole merger with a chirp mass of $\sim 30 M_{⊙}$ and a total mass before merger of $\sim 70 M_{⊙}$ in the detector frame.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Corrections

20 September, 2016

Erratum

Publisher’s Note: Observing gravitational-wave transient GW150914 with minimal assumptions [Phys. Rev. D 93, 122004 (2016)]

B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. D 94, 069903 (2016)

Article Text

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Observing gravitational-wave transient GW150914 with minimal assumptions

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Publisher’s Note: Observing gravitational-wave transient GW150914 with minimal assumptions [Phys. Rev. D 93, 122004 (2016)]

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GW150914: First results from the search for binary black hole coalescence with Advanced LIGO

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