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Methods and results of a search for gravitational waves associated with gamma-ray bursts using the GEO 600, LIGO, and Virgo detectors

J. Aasi¹, B. P. Abbott¹, R. Abbott¹, T. Abbott², M. R. Abernathy¹, F. Acernese^3,4, K. Ackley⁵, C. Adams⁶, T. Adams⁷ et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration)

T. Adams⁷, P. Addesso⁸, R. X. Adhikari¹, C. Affeldt⁹, M. Agathos¹⁰, N. Aggarwal¹¹, O. D. Aguiar¹², P. Ajith¹³, A. Alemic¹⁴, B. Allen^9,15,16, A. Allocca^17,18, D. Amariutei⁵, M. Andersen¹⁹, R. A. Anderson¹, S. B. Anderson¹, W. G. Anderson¹⁵, K. Arai¹, M. C. Araya¹, C. Arceneaux²⁰, J. S. Areeda²¹, S. Ast¹⁶, S. M. Aston⁶, P. Astone²², P. Aufmuth¹⁶, H. Augustus²³, C. Aulbert⁹, B. E. Aylott²³, S. Babak²⁴, P. T. Baker²⁵, G. Ballardin²⁶, S. W. Ballmer¹⁴, J. C. Barayoga¹, M. Barbet⁵, B. C. Barish¹, D. Barker²⁷, F. Barone^3,4, B. Barr²⁸, L. Barsotti¹¹, M. Barsuglia²⁹, M. A. Barton²⁷, I. Bartos³⁰, R. Bassiri¹⁹, A. Basti^31,18, J. C. Batch²⁷, J. Bauchrowitz⁹, Th. S. Bauer¹⁰, C. Baune⁹, V. Bavigadda²⁶, B. Behnke²⁴, M. Bejger³², M. G. Beker¹⁰, C. Belczynski³³, A. S. Bell²⁸, C. Bell²⁸, G. Bergmann⁹, D. Bersanetti^34,35, A. Bertolini¹⁰, J. Betzwieser⁶, I. A. Bilenko³⁶, G. Billingsley¹, J. Birch⁶, S. Biscans¹¹, M. Bitossi¹⁸, C. Biwer¹⁴, M. A. Bizouard³⁷, E. Black¹, J. K. Blackburn¹, L. Blackburn³⁸, D. Blair³⁹, S. Bloemen^10,40, O. Bock⁹, T. P. Bodiya¹¹, M. Boer⁴¹, G. Bogaert⁴¹, C. Bogan⁹, C. Bond²³, F. Bondu⁴², L. Bonelli^31,18, R. Bonnand⁴³, R. Bork¹, M. Born⁹, V. Boschi¹⁸, Sukanta Bose^44,45, L. Bosi⁴⁶, C. Bradaschia¹⁸, P. R. Brady^15,47, V. B. Braginsky³⁶, M. Branchesi^48,49, J. E. Brau⁵⁰, T. Briant⁵¹, D. O. Bridges⁶, A. Brillet⁴¹, M. Brinkmann⁹, V. Brisson³⁷, A. F. Brooks¹, D. A. Brown¹⁴, D. D. Brown²³, F. Brückner²³, S. Buchman¹⁹, A. Buikema¹¹, T. Bulik³³, H. J. Bulten^52,10, A. Buonanno⁵³, R. Burman³⁹, D. Buskulic⁴³, C. Buy²⁹, L. Cadonati^54,7, G. Cagnoli⁵⁵, J. Cain²⁰, J. Calderón Bustillo⁵⁶, E. Calloni^57,4, J. B. Camp³⁸, P. Campsie²⁸, K. C. Cannon⁵⁸, B. Canuel²⁶, J. Cao⁵⁹, C. D. Capano⁵³, F. Carbognani²⁶, L. Carbone²³, S. Caride⁶⁰, G. Castaldi⁸, S. Caudill¹⁵, M. Cavaglià²⁰, F. Cavalier³⁷, R. Cavalieri²⁶, C. Celerier¹⁹, G. Cella¹⁸, C. Cepeda¹, E. Cesarini⁶¹, R. Chakraborty¹, T. Chalermsongsak¹, S. J. Chamberlin¹⁵, S. Chao⁶², P. Charlton⁶³, E. Chassande-Mottin²⁹, X. Chen³⁹, Y. Chen⁶⁴, A. Chincarini³⁵, A. Chiummo²⁶, H. S. Cho⁶⁵, M. Cho⁵³, J. H. Chow⁶⁶, N. Christensen⁶⁷, Q. Chu³⁹, S. S. Y. Chua⁶⁶, S. Chung³⁹, G. Ciani⁵, F. Clara²⁷, D. E. Clark¹⁹, J. A. Clark⁵⁴, J. H. Clayton¹⁵, F. Cleva⁴¹, E. Coccia^68,69, P.-F. Cohadon⁵¹, A. Colla^70,22, C. Collette⁷¹, M. Colombini⁴⁶, L. Cominsky⁷², M. Constancio, Jr.¹², A. Conte^70,22, D. Cook²⁷, T. R. Corbitt², N. Cornish²⁵, A. Corsi⁷³, C. A. Costa¹², M. W. Coughlin⁷⁴, J.-P. Coulon⁴¹, S. Countryman³⁰, P. Couvares¹⁴, D. M. Coward³⁹, M. J. Cowart⁶, D. C. Coyne¹, R. Coyne⁷³, K. Craig²⁸, J. D. E. Creighton¹⁵, R. P. Croce⁸, S. G. Crowder⁷⁵, A. Cumming²⁸, L. Cunningham²⁸, E. Cuoco²⁶, C. Cutler⁶⁴, K. Dahl⁹, T. Dal Canton⁹, M. Damjanic⁹, S. L. Danilishin³⁹, S. D’Antonio⁶¹, K. Danzmann^16,9, V. Dattilo²⁶, H. Daveloza⁷⁶, M. Davier³⁷, G. S. Davies²⁸, E. J. Daw⁷⁷, R. Day²⁶, T. Dayanga⁴⁴, D. DeBra¹⁹, G. Debreczeni⁷⁸, J. Degallaix⁵⁵, S. Deléglise⁵¹, W. Del Pozzo²³, W. Del Pozzo¹⁰, T. Denker⁹, T. Dent⁹, H. Dereli⁴¹, V. Dergachev¹, R. De Rosa^57,4, R. T. DeRosa², R. DeSalvo⁸, S. Dhurandhar⁴⁵, M. Díaz⁷⁶, J. Dickson⁶⁶, L. Di Fiore⁴, A. Di Lieto^31,18, I. Di Palma⁹, A. Di Virgilio¹⁸, V. Dolique⁵⁵, E. Dominguez⁷⁹, F. Donovan¹¹, K. L. Dooley⁹, S. Doravari⁶, R. Douglas²⁸, T. P. Downes¹⁵, M. Drago^80,81, R. W. P. Drever¹, J. C. Driggers¹, Z. Du⁵⁹, M. Ducrot⁴³, S. Dwyer²⁷, T. Eberle⁹, T. Edo⁷⁷, M. Edwards⁷, A. Effler², H.-B. Eggenstein⁹, P. Ehrens¹, J. Eichholz⁵, S. S. Eikenberry⁵, G. Endrőczi⁷⁸, R. Essick¹¹, T. Etzel¹, M. Evans¹¹, T. Evans⁶, M. Factourovich³⁰, V. Fafone^68,61, S. Fairhurst⁷, X. Fan²⁸, Q. Fang³⁹, S. Farinon³⁵, B. Farr⁸², W. M. Farr²³, M. Favata⁸³, D. Fazi⁸², H. Fehrmann⁹, M. M. Fejer¹⁹, D. Feldbaum^5,6, F. Feroz⁷⁴, I. Ferrante^31,18, E. C. Ferreira¹², F. Ferrini²⁶, F. Fidecaro^31,18, L. S. Finn⁸⁴, I. Fiori²⁶, R. P. Fisher¹⁴, R. Flaminio⁵⁵, N. Fotopoulos¹, J.-D. Fournier⁴¹, S. Franco³⁷, S. Frasca^70,22, F. Frasconi¹⁸, M. Frede⁹, Z. Frei⁸⁵, A. Freise²³, R. Frey⁵⁰, T. T. Fricke⁹, P. Fritschel¹¹, V. V. Frolov⁶, P. Fulda⁵, M. Fyffe⁶, J. R. Gair⁷⁴, L. Gammaitoni^86,46, S. Gaonkar⁴⁵, F. Garufi^57,4, N. Gehrels³⁸, G. Gemme³⁵, B. Gendre⁴¹, E. Genin²⁶, A. Gennai¹⁸, S. Ghosh^10,40, J. A. Giaime^6,2, K. D. Giardina⁶, A. Giazotto¹⁸, C. Gill²⁸, J. Gleason⁵, E. Goetz⁹, R. Goetz⁵, L. Gondan⁸⁵, G. González², N. Gordon²⁸, M. L. Gorodetsky³⁶, S. Gossan⁶⁴, S. Goßler⁹, R. Gouaty⁴³, C. Gräf²⁸, P. B. Graff³⁸, M. Granata⁵⁵, A. Grant²⁸, S. Gras¹¹, C. Gray²⁷, R. J. S. Greenhalgh⁸⁷, A. M. Gretarsson⁸⁸, P. Groot⁴⁰, H. Grote⁹, K. Grover²³, S. Grunewald²⁴, G. M. Guidi^48,49, C. J. Guido⁶, K. Gushwa¹, E. K. Gustafson¹, R. Gustafson⁶⁰, J. Ha⁸⁹, E. D. Hall¹, W. Hamilton², D. Hammer¹⁵, G. Hammond²⁸, M. Hanke⁹, J. Hanks²⁷, C. Hanna^90,84, M. D. Hannam⁷, J. Hanson⁶, K. Haris⁹⁸, J. Harms¹, G. M. Harry⁹¹, I. W. Harry¹⁴, E. D. Harstad⁵⁰, M. Hart²⁸, M. T. Hartman⁵, C.-J. Haster²³, K. Haughian²⁸, A. Heidmann⁵¹, M. Heintze^5,6, H. Heitmann⁴¹, P. Hello³⁷, G. Hemming²⁶, M. Hendry²⁸, I. S. Heng²⁸, A. W. Heptonstall¹, M. Heurs⁹, M. Hewitson⁹, S. Hild²⁸, D. Hoak⁵⁴, K. A. Hodge¹, D. Hofman⁵⁵, K. Holt⁶, P. Hopkins⁷, T. Horrom⁹², D. Hoske⁹³, D. J. Hosken⁹³, J. Hough²⁸, E. J. Howell³⁹, Y. Hu²⁸, E. Huerta¹⁴, B. Hughey⁸⁸, S. Husa⁵⁶, S. H. Huttner²⁸, M. Huynh¹⁵, T. Huynh-Dinh⁶, A. Idrisy⁸⁴, D. R. Ingram²⁷, R. Inta⁸⁴, G. Islas²¹, T. Isogai¹¹, A. Ivanov¹, B. R. Iyer⁹⁴, K. Izumi²⁷, M. Jacobson¹, H. Jang⁹⁵, P. Jaranowski⁹⁶, Y. Ji⁵⁹, F. Jiménez-Forteza⁵⁶, W. W. Johnson², D. I. Jones⁹⁷, G. Jones⁷, R. Jones²⁸, R. J. G. Jonker¹⁰, L. Ju³⁹, P. Kalmus¹, V. Kalogera⁸², S. Kandhasamy²⁰, G. Kang⁹⁵, J. B. Kanner¹, J. Karlen⁵⁴, M. Kasprzack^37,26, E. Katsavounidis¹¹, W. Katzman⁶, H. Kaufer¹⁶, S. Kaufer¹⁶, T. Kaur³⁹, K. Kawabe²⁷, F. Kawazoe⁹, F. Kéfélian⁴¹, G. M. Keiser¹⁹, D. Keitel⁹, D. B. Kelley¹⁴, W. Kells¹, D. G. Keppel⁹, A. Khalaidovski⁹, F. Y. Khalili³⁶, E. A. Khazanov⁹⁹, C. Kim^89,95, K. Kim¹⁰⁰, N. G. Kim⁹⁵, N. Kim¹⁹, S. Kim⁹⁵, Y.-M. Kim⁶⁵, E. J. King⁹³, P. J. King¹, D. L. Kinzel⁶, J. S. Kissel²⁷, S. Klimenko⁵, J. Kline¹⁵, S. Koehlenbeck⁹, K. Kokeyama², V. Kondrashov¹, S. Koranda¹⁵, W. Z. Korth¹, I. Kowalska³³, D. B. Kozak¹, V. Kringel⁹, B. Krishnan⁹, A. Królak^101,102, G. Kuehn⁹, A. Kumar¹⁰³, D. Nanda Kumar⁵, P. Kumar¹⁴, R. Kumar²⁸, L. Kuo⁶², A. Kutynia¹⁰¹, P. K. Lam⁶⁶, M. Landry²⁷, B. Lantz¹⁹, S. Larson⁸², P. D. Lasky¹⁰⁴, C. Lazzaro¹⁰⁵, P. Leaci²⁴, S. Leavey²⁸, E. O. Lebigot⁵⁹, C. H. Lee⁶⁵, H. K. Lee¹⁰⁰, H. M. Lee⁸⁹, J. Lee¹⁰⁰, P. J. Lee¹¹, M. Leonardi^80,81, J. R. Leong⁹, A. Le Roux⁶, N. Leroy³⁷, N. Letendre⁴³, Y. Levin¹⁰⁶, B. Levine²⁷, J. Lewis¹, T. G. F. Li¹, K. Libbrecht¹, A. Libson¹¹, A. C. Lin¹⁹, T. B. Littenberg⁸², N. A. Lockerbie¹⁰⁷, V. Lockett²¹, D. Lodhia²³, K. Loew⁸⁸, J. Logue²⁸, A. L. Lombardi⁵⁴, E. Lopez¹⁰⁸, M. Lorenzini^68,61, V. Loriette¹⁰⁹, M. Lormand⁶, G. Losurdo⁴⁹, J. Lough¹⁴, M. J. Lubinski²⁷, H. Lück^16,9, A. P. Lundgren⁹, Y. Ma³⁹, E. P. Macdonald⁷, T. MacDonald¹⁹, B. Machenschalk⁹, M. MacInnis¹¹, D. M. Macleod², F. Magaña-Sandoval¹⁴, R. Magee⁴⁴, M. Mageswaran¹, C. Maglione⁷⁹, K. Mailand¹, E. Majorana²², I. Maksimovic¹⁰⁹, V. Malvezzi^68,61, N. Man⁴¹, G. M. Manca⁹, I. Mandel²³, V. Mandic⁷⁵, V. Mangano^70,22, N. M. Mangini⁵⁴, G. Mansell⁶⁶, M. Mantovani¹⁸, F. Marchesoni^110,46, F. Marion⁴³, S. Márka³⁰, Z. Márka³⁰, A. Markosyan¹⁹, E. Maros¹, J. Marque²⁶, F. Martelli^48,49, I. W. Martin²⁸, R. M. Martin⁵, L. Martinelli⁴¹, D. Martynov¹, J. N. Marx¹, K. Mason¹¹, A. Masserot⁴³, T. J. Massinger¹⁴, F. Matichard¹¹, L. Matone³⁰, N. Mavalvala¹¹, G. May², N. Mazumder⁹⁸, G. Mazzolo⁹, R. McCarthy²⁷, D. E. McClelland⁶⁶, S. C. McGuire¹¹¹, G. McIntyre¹, J. McIver⁵⁴, K. McLin⁷², D. Meacher⁴¹, G. D. Meadors⁶⁰, M. Mehmet⁹, J. Meidam¹⁰, M. Meinders¹⁶, A. Melatos¹⁰⁴, G. Mendell²⁷, R. A. Mercer¹⁵, S. Meshkov¹, C. Messenger²⁸, A. Meyer⁵⁴, M. S. Meyer⁶, P. M. Meyers⁷⁵, F. Mezzani^22,70, H. Miao⁶⁴, C. Michel⁵⁵, E. E. Mikhailov⁹², L. Milano^57,4, J. Miller¹¹, Y. Minenkov⁶¹, C. M. F. Mingarelli²³, C. Mishra⁹⁸, S. Mitra⁴⁵, V. P. Mitrofanov³⁶, G. Mitselmakher⁵, R. Mittleman¹¹, B. Moe¹⁵, A. Moggi¹⁸, M. Mohan²⁶, S. R. P. Mohapatra¹⁴, D. Moraru²⁷, G. Moreno²⁷, N. Morgado⁵⁵, S. R. Morriss⁷⁶, K. Mossavi⁹, B. Mours⁴³, C. M. Mow-Lowry⁹, C. L. Mueller⁵, G. Mueller⁵, S. Mukherjee⁷⁶, A. Mullavey², J. Munch⁹³, D. Murphy³⁰, P. G. Murray²⁸, A. Mytidis⁵, M. F. Nagy⁷⁸, I. Nardecchia^68,61, L. Naticchioni^70,22, R. K. Nayak¹¹², V. Necula⁵, G. Nelemans^10,40, I. Neri^86,46, M. Neri^34,35, G. Newton²⁸, T. Nguyen⁶⁶, A. B. Nielsen⁹, S. Nissanke⁶⁴, A. H. Nitz¹⁴, F. Nocera²⁶, D. Nolting⁶, M. E. N. Normandin⁷⁶, L. K. Nuttall¹⁵, E. Ochsner¹⁵, J. O’Dell⁸⁷, E. Oelker¹¹, J. J. Oh¹¹³, S. H. Oh¹¹³, F. Ohme⁷, S. Omar¹⁹, P. Oppermann⁹, R. Oram⁶, B. O’Reilly⁶, W. Ortega⁷⁹, R. O’Shaughnessy¹⁵, C. Osthelder¹, D. J. Ottaway⁹³, R. S. Ottens⁵, H. Overmier⁶, B. J. Owen⁸⁴, C. Padilla²¹, A. Pai⁹⁸, O. Palashov⁹⁹, C. Palomba²², H. Pan⁶², Y. Pan⁵³, C. Pankow¹⁵, F. Paoletti^26,18, M. A. Papa^15,24, H. Paris¹⁹, A. Pasqualetti²⁶, R. Passaquieti^31,18, D. Passuello¹⁸, P. Patel¹, M. Pedraza¹, A. Pele²⁷, S. Penn¹¹⁴, A. Perreca¹⁴, M. Phelps¹, M. Pichot⁴¹, M. Pickenpack⁹, F. Piergiovanni^48,49, V. Pierro⁸, L. Pinard⁵⁵, I. M. Pinto⁸, M. Pitkin²⁸, J. Poeld⁹, R. Poggiani^31,18, A. Poteomkin⁹⁹, J. Powell²⁸, J. Prasad⁴⁵, V. Predoi⁷, S. Premachandra¹⁰⁶, T. Prestegard⁷⁵, L. R. Price¹, M. Prijatelj²⁶, S. Privitera¹, G. A. Prodi^80,81, L. Prokhorov³⁶, O. Puncken⁷⁶, M. Punturo⁴⁶, P. Puppo²², M. Pürrer⁷, J. Qin³⁹, V. Quetschke⁷⁶, E. Quintero¹, R. Quitzow-James⁵⁰, F. J. Raab²⁷, D. S. Rabeling^52,10, I. Rácz⁷⁸, H. Radkins²⁷, P. Raffai⁸⁵, S. Raja¹¹⁵, G. Rajalakshmi¹¹⁶, M. Rakhmanov⁷⁶, C. Ramet⁶, K. Ramirez⁷⁶, P. Rapagnani^70,22, V. Raymond¹, M. Razzano^31,18, V. Re^68,61, S. Recchia^68,69, C. M. Reed²⁷, T. Regimbau⁴¹, S. Reid¹¹⁷, D. H. Reitze^1,5, O. Reula⁷⁹, E. Rhoades⁸⁸, F. Ricci^70,22, R. Riesen⁶, K. Riles⁶⁰, N. A. Robertson^1,28, F. Robinet³⁷, A. Rocchi⁶¹, S. B. Roddy⁶, S. Rogstad⁵⁴, L. Rolland⁴³, J. G. Rollins¹, R. Romano^3,4, G. Romanov⁹², J. H. Romie⁶, D. Rosińska^118,32, S. Rowan²⁸, A. Rüdiger⁹, P. Ruggi²⁶, K. Ryan²⁷, F. Salemi⁹, L. Sammut¹⁰⁴, V. Sandberg²⁷, J. R. Sanders⁶⁰, S. Sankar¹¹, V. Sannibale¹, I. Santiago-Prieto²⁸, E. Saracco⁵⁵, B. Sassolas⁵⁵, B. S. Sathyaprakash⁷, P. R. Saulson¹⁴, R. Savage²⁷, J. Scheuer⁸², R. Schilling⁹, M. Schilman⁷⁹, P. Schmidt⁷, R. Schnabel^9,16, R. M. S. Schofield⁵⁰, E. Schreiber⁹, D. Schuette⁹, B. F. Schutz^7,24, J. Scott²⁸, S. M. Scott⁶⁶, D. Sellers⁶, A. S. Sengupta¹¹⁹, D. Sentenac²⁶, V. Sequino^68,61, A. Sergeev⁹⁹, D. A. Shaddock⁶⁶, S. Shah^10,40, M. S. Shahriar⁸², M. Shaltev⁹, Z. Shao¹, B. Shapiro¹⁹, P. Shawhan⁵³, D. H. Shoemaker¹¹, T. L. Sidery²³, K. Siellez⁴¹, X. Siemens¹⁵, D. Sigg²⁷, D. Simakov⁹, A. Singer¹, L. Singer¹, R. Singh², A. M. Sintes⁵⁶, B. J. J. Slagmolen⁶⁶, J. Slutsky³⁸, J. R. Smith²¹, M. R. Smith¹, R. J. E. Smith¹, N. D. Smith-Lefebvre¹, E. J. Son¹¹³, B. Sorazu²⁸, T. Souradeep⁴⁵, A. Staley³⁰, J. Stebbins¹⁹, M. Steinke⁹, J. Steinlechner^9,28, S. Steinlechner^9,28, B. C. Stephens¹⁵, S. Steplewski⁴⁴, S. Stevenson²³, R. Stone⁷⁶, D. Stops²³, K. A. Strain²⁸, N. Straniero⁵⁵, S. Strigin³⁶, R. Sturani¹²⁰, A. L. Stuver⁶, T. Z. Summerscales¹²¹, S. Susmithan³⁹, P. J. Sutton⁷, B. Swinkels²⁶, M. Tacca²⁹, D. Talukder⁵⁰, D. B. Tanner⁵, J. Tao², S. P. Tarabrin⁹, R. Taylor¹, G. Tellez⁷⁶, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam¹, M. Thomas⁶, P. Thomas²⁷, K. A. Thorne⁶, K. S. Thorne⁶⁴, E. Thrane¹, V. Tiwari⁵, K. V. Tokmakov¹⁰⁷, C. Tomlinson⁷⁷, M. Tonelli^31,18, C. V. Torres⁷⁶, C. I. Torrie^1,28, F. Travasso^86,46, G. Traylor⁶, M. Trias⁵⁶, M. Tse³⁰, D. Tshilumba⁷¹, H. Tuennermann⁹, D. Ugolini¹²², C. S. Unnikrishnan¹¹⁶, A. L. Urban¹⁵, S. A. Usman¹⁴, H. Vahlbruch¹⁶, G. Vajente^31,18, G. Valdes⁷⁶, M. Vallisneri⁶⁴, M. van Beuzekom¹⁰, J. F. J. van den Brand^52,10, C. Van Den Broeck¹⁰, M. V. van der Sluys^10,40, J. van Heijningen¹⁰, A. A. van Veggel²⁸, S. Vass¹, M. Vasúth⁷⁸, R. Vaulin¹¹, A. Vecchio²³, G. Vedovato¹⁰⁵, J. Veitch¹⁰, P. J. Veitch⁹³, K. Venkateswara¹²³, D. Verkindt⁴³, F. Vetrano^48,49, A. Viceré^48,49, R. Vincent-Finley¹¹¹, J.-Y. Vinet⁴¹, S. Vitale¹¹, T. Vo²⁷, H. Vocca^86,46, C. Vorvick²⁷, W. D. Vousden²³, S. P. Vyachanin³⁶, A. R. Wade⁶⁶, L. Wade¹⁵, M. Wade¹⁵, M. Walker², L. Wallace¹, S. Walsh¹⁵, M. Wang²³, X. Wang⁵⁹, R. L. Ward⁶⁶, M. Was⁹, B. Weaver²⁷, L.-W. Wei⁴¹, M. Weinert⁹, A. J. Weinstein¹, R. Weiss¹¹, T. Welborn⁶, L. Wen³⁹, P. Wessels⁹, M. West¹⁴, T. Westphal⁹, K. Wette⁹, J. T. Whelan¹²⁴, D. J. White⁷⁷, B. F. Whiting⁵, K. Wiesner⁹, C. Wilkinson²⁷, K. Williams¹¹¹, L. Williams⁵, R. Williams¹, T. D. Williams¹²⁵, A. R. Williamson⁷, J. L. Willis¹²⁶, B. Willke^16,9, M. Wimmer⁹, W. Winkler⁹, C. C. Wipf¹¹, A. G. Wiseman¹⁵, H. Wittel⁹, G. Woan²⁸, N. Wolovick⁷⁹, J. Worden²⁷, Y. Wu⁵, J. Yablon⁸², I. Yakushin⁶, W. Yam¹¹, H. Yamamoto¹, C. C. Yancey⁵³, H. Yang⁶⁴, S. Yoshida¹²⁵, M. Yvert⁴³, A. Zadrożny¹⁰¹, M. Zanolin⁸⁸, J.-P. Zendri¹⁰⁵, Fan Zhang^11,59, L. Zhang¹, C. Zhao³⁹, H. Zhu⁸⁴, X. J. Zhu³⁹, M. E. Zucker¹¹, S. Zuraw⁵⁴, and J. Zweizig¹ (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration)

¹LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
²Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
³Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
⁴INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
⁵University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
⁶LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
⁷Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
⁸University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy, and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
⁹Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
¹⁰Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
¹¹LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
¹²Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 - São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
¹³International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560012, India
¹⁴Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
¹⁵University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
¹⁶Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
¹⁷Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
¹⁸INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
¹⁹Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
²⁰The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
²¹California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
²²INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
²³University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
²⁴Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
²⁵Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
²⁶European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
²⁷LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
²⁸SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
²⁹APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
³⁰Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
³¹Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
³²CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
³³Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
³⁴Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
³⁵INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
³⁶Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
³⁷LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France
³⁸NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
³⁹University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
⁴⁰Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
⁴¹Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, F-06304 Nice, France
⁴²Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
⁴³Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
⁴⁴Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
⁴⁵Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
⁴⁶INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
⁴⁷Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
⁴⁸Università degli Studi di Urbino ’Carlo Bo’, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
⁴⁹INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
⁵⁰University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
⁵¹Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
⁵²VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
⁵³University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
⁵⁴University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
⁵⁵Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
⁵⁶Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
⁵⁷Università di Napoli ’Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
⁵⁸Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5 S 3H8, Canada
⁵⁹Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
⁶⁰University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
⁶¹INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
⁶²National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu Taiwan 300
⁶³Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
⁶⁴Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
⁶⁵Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
⁶⁶Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
⁶⁷Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
⁶⁸Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
⁶⁹INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
⁷⁰Università di Roma ’La Sapienza’, I-00185 Roma, Italy
⁷¹University of Brussels, Brussels 1050 Belgium
⁷²Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA
⁷³The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
⁷⁴University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
⁷⁵University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
⁷⁶The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
⁷⁷The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
⁷⁸Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
⁷⁹Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Cordoba Cordoba 5000, Argentina
⁸⁰Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
⁸¹INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
⁸²Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
⁸³Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
⁸⁴The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
⁸⁵MTA Eötvös University, ‘Lendulet’ A. R. G., Budapest 1117, Hungary
⁸⁶Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
⁸⁷Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
⁸⁸Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
⁸⁹Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
⁹⁰Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, N2 L 2Y5, Canada
⁹¹American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
⁹²College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
⁹³University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
⁹⁴Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka 560080, India
⁹⁵Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
⁹⁶Biał ystok University, 15-424 Biał ystok, Poland
⁹⁷University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
⁹⁸IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala 695016, India
⁹⁹Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
¹⁰⁰Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
¹⁰¹NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
¹⁰²IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland
¹⁰³Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
¹⁰⁴The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
¹⁰⁵INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
¹⁰⁶Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
¹⁰⁷SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
¹⁰⁸Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
¹⁰⁹ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
¹¹⁰Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
¹¹¹Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
¹¹²IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
¹¹³National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
¹¹⁴Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
¹¹⁵RRCAT, Indore MP 452013, India
¹¹⁶Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
¹¹⁷SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
¹¹⁸Institute of Astronomy, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland
¹¹⁹Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar Ahmedabad Gujarat 382424, India
¹²⁰Instituto de Física Teórica, Univ. Estadual Paulista/ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, São Paulo SP 01140-070, Brazil
¹²¹Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104, USA
¹²²Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
¹²³University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
¹²⁴Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
¹²⁵Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
¹²⁶Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA

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Phys. Rev. D 89, 122004 – Published 25 June, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.89.122004

Abstract

In this paper we report on a search for short-duration gravitational wave bursts in the frequency range 64 Hz–1792 Hz associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), using data from GEO 600 and one of the LIGO or Virgo detectors. We introduce the method of a linear search grid to analyze GRB events with large sky localization uncertainties, for example the localizations provided by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). Coherent searches for gravitational waves (GWs) can be computationally intensive when the GRB sky position is not well localized, due to the corrections required for the difference in arrival time between detectors. Using a linear search grid we are able to reduce the computational cost of the analysis by a factor of $O (10)$ for GBM events. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our analysis pipeline can improve upon the sky localization of GRBs detected by the GBM, if a high-frequency GW signal is observed in coincidence. We use the method of the linear grid in a search for GWs associated with 129 GRBs observed satellite-based gamma-ray experiments between 2006 and 2011. The GRBs in our sample had not been previously analyzed for GW counterparts. A fraction of our GRB events are analyzed using data from GEO 600 while the detector was using squeezed-light states to improve its sensitivity; this is the first search for GWs using data from a squeezed-light interferometric observatory. We find no evidence for GW signals, either with any individual GRB in this sample or with the population as a whole. For each GRB we place lower bounds on the distance to the progenitor, under an assumption of a fixed GW emission energy of $10^{- 2} M ⊙ c^{2}$ , with a median exclusion distance of 0.8 Mpc for emission at 500 Hz and 0.3 Mpc at 1 kHz. The reduced computational cost associated with a linear search grid will enable rapid searches for GWs associated with Fermi GBM events once the advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors begin operation.