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Evidence of a geomagnetic effect on extensive air showers detected with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

B. Bartoli1,2, P. Bernardini3,4,*, X. J. Bi5, I. Bolognino6,7, P. Branchini8, A. Budano8, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne3,4, P. Camarri9,10, Z. Cao5 et al. (ARGO-YBJ Collaboration)

Z. Cao5, R. Cardarelli10, S. Catalanotti1,2, S. Z. Chen5, T. L. Chen11, Y. Chen5, P. Creti4, S. W. Cui12, B. Z. Dai13, A. D’Amone3,4, Danzengluobu11, I. De Mitri3,4, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli1,2, T. Di Girolamo1,2, X. H. Ding11, G. Di Sciascio10, C. F. Feng14, Zhaoyang Feng5, Zhenyong Feng15, Q. B. Gou5, Y. Q. Guo5, H. H. He5, Haibing Hu11, Hongbo Hu5, Q. Huang15, M. Iacovacci1,2, R. Iuppa9,10, H. Y. Jia15, Labaciren11, H. J. Li11, J. Y. Li14, X. X. Li5, G. Liguori6,7, C. Liu5, C. Q. Liu13, J. Liu13, M. Y. Liu11, H. Lu5, X. H. Ma5, G. Mancarella3,4, S. M. Mari8,16, G. Marsella3,4, D. Martello3,4, S. Mastroianni2, P. Montini8,16, C. C. Ning11, M. Panareo3,4, B. Panico9,10, L. Perrone3,4, P. Pistilli8,16, F. Ruggieri8, P. Salvini7, R. Santonico9,10, S. N. Sbano3,4, P. R. Shen5, X. D. Sheng5, F. Shi5, A. Surdo4, Y. H. Tan5, P. Vallania17,18, S. Vernetto17,18, C. Vigorito18,19, B. Wang5, H. Wang5, C. Y. Wu5, H. R. Wu5, B. Xu15, L. Xue14, Y. X. Yan13, Q. Y. Yang13, X. C. Yang13, Z. G. Yao5, A. F. Yuan11, M. Zha5, H. M. Zhang5, Jilong Zhang5, Jianli Zhang5, L. Zhang13, P. Zhang13, X. Y. Zhang14, Y. Zhang5, Zhaxiciren11, Zhaxisangzhu11, X. X. Zhou15, F. R. Zhu15, Q. Q. Zhu5, and G. Zizzi20 (ARGO-YBJ Collaboration)

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Napoli “Federico II,” Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
  • 2Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
  • 3Dipartimento Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi,” Università del Salento, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
  • 4Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
  • 5Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 918, 100049 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • 6Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
  • 7Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
  • 8Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tre, via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
  • 9Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Roma “Tor Vergata,” via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
  • 10Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
  • 11Tibet University, 850000 Lhasa, Xizang, People’s Republic of China
  • 12Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
  • 13Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
  • 14Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
  • 15Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
  • 16Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università “Roma Tre,” via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
  • 17Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario dell’Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, corso Fiume 4, 10133 Torino, Italy
  • 18Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
  • 19Dipartimento di Fisica Generale dell’Università di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
  • 20Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - CNAF, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy

  • *Corresponding author. paolo.bernardini@le.infn.it
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Phys. Rev. D 89, 052005 – Published 28 March, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.89.052005

Abstract

The geomagnetic field causes not only the east-west effect on primary cosmic rays but also affects the trajectories of the secondary charged particles in the shower, causing their lateral distribution to be stretched. Thus, both the density of the secondaries near the shower axis and the trigger efficiency of detector arrays decrease. The effect depends on the direction of the showers, thus, introducing a modulation in the measured azimuthal distribution. The azimuthal distribution of the events collected by the ARGO-YBJ detector is deeply investigated for different zenith angles in light of this effect.

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Phys. Rev. D 89, 052005– Published 28 March, 2014
  • Received 31 July 2013

© 2014 American Physical Society

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