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Probing the radio emission from air showers with polarization measurements

A. Aab1, P. Abreu2, M. Aglietta3, M. Ahlers4, E. J. Ahn5, I. F. M. Albuquerque6, I. Allekotte7, J. Allen8, P. Allison9 et al. (The Pierre Auger Collaboration)

P. Allison9, A. Almela10,11, J. Alvarez Castillo12, J. Alvarez-Muñiz13, R. Alves Batista14, M. Ambrosio15, A. Aminaei16, L. Anchordoqui17, S. Andringa2, T. Antičić18, C. Aramo15, F. Arqueros19, H. Asorey7, P. Assis2, J. Aublin20, M. Ave13, M. Avenier21, G. Avila22, A. M. Badescu23, K. B. Barber24, R. Bardenet25, J. Bäuml26, C. Baus27, J. J. Beatty28, K. H. Becker29, J. A. Bellido24, S. BenZvi30, C. Berat21, X. Bertou7, P. L. Biermann31, P. Billoir20, F. Blanco19, M. Blanco20, C. Bleve29, H. Blümer27,26, M. Boháčová32, D. Boncioli33, C. Bonifazi34, R. Bonino3, N. Borodai35, J. Brack36, I. Brancus37, P. Brogueira2, W. C. Brown38, P. Buchholz1, A. Bueno39, M. Buscemi15, K. S. Caballero-Mora13,40, B. Caccianiga41, L. Caccianiga20, M. Candusso42, L. Caramete31, R. Caruso43, A. Castellina3, G. Cataldi44, L. Cazon2, R. Cester45, S. H. Cheng40, A. Chiavassa3, J. A. Chinellato46, J. Chudoba32, M. Cilmo15, R. W. Clay24, G. Cocciolo44, R. Colalillo15, L. Collica41, M. R. Coluccia44, R. Conceição2, F. Contreras47, M. J. Cooper24, S. Coutu40, C. E. Covault48, A. Criss40, J. Cronin49, A. Curutiu31, R. Dallier50,51, B. Daniel46, S. Dasso52,53, K. Daumiller26, B. R. Dawson24, R. M. de Almeida54, M. De Domenico43, S. J. de Jong16,55, G. De La Vega56, W. J. M. de Mello Junior46, J. R. T. de Mello Neto34, I. De Mitri44, V. de Souza57, K. D. de Vries58, L. del Peral59, O. Deligny60, H. Dembinski26, N. Dhital61, C. Di Giulio42, A. Di Matteo62, J. C. Diaz63, M. L. Díaz Castro64, P. N. Diep65, F. Diogo2, C. Dobrigkeit46, W. Docters58, J. C. D’Olivo12, P. N. Dong65,60, A. Dorofeev36, J. C. dos Anjos64, M. T. Dova66, J. Ebr32, R. Engel26, M. Erdmann67, C. O. Escobar5,46, J. Espadanal2, A. Etchegoyen11,10, P. Facal San Luis49, H. Falcke16,68,55, K. Fang49, G. Farrar69, A. C. Fauth46, N. Fazzini70, A. P. Ferguson48, B. Fick63, J. M. Figueira11,26, A. Filevich11, A. Filipčič71,72, N. Foerster1, B. D. Fox73, C. E. Fracchiolla36, E. D. Fraenkel58, O. Fratu23, U. Fröhlich1, B. Fuchs27, R. Gaior20, R. F. Gamarra11, S. Gambetta74, B. García56, S. T. Garcia Roca13, D. Garcia-Gamez25, D. Garcia-Pinto19, G. Garilli43, A. Gascon Bravo39, H. Gemmeke75, P. L. Ghia20, M. Giammarchi41, M. Giller76, J. Gitto56, C. Glaser67, H. Glass70, F. Gomez Albarracin66, M. Gómez Berisso7, P. F. Gómez Vitale22, P. Gonçalves2, J. G. Gonzalez27, B. Gookin36, A. Gorgi3, P. Gorham73, P. Gouffon6, S. Grebe16,55, N. Griffith77, A. F. Grillo33, T. D. Grubb24, Y. Guardincerri53, F. Guarino15, G. P. Guedes78, P. Hansen66, D. Harari7, T. A. Harrison24, J. L. Harton36, A. Haungs26, T. Hebbeker67, D. Heck26, A. E. Herve24, G. C. Hill24, C. Hojvat70, N. Hollon49, E. Holt26, P. Homola1,35, J. R. Hörandel16,55, P. Horvath79, M. Hrabovský79,32, D. Huber27, T. Huege26, A. Insolia43, P. G. Isar80, S. Jansen16,55, C. Jarne66, M. Josebachuili11,26, K. Kadija18, O. Kambeitz27, K. H. Kampert29, P. Karhan81, P. Kasper70, I. Katkov27, B. Kégl25, B. Keilhauer26, A. Keivani82, E. Kemp46, R. M. 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Messina58, R. Meyhandan73, S. Mićanović18, M. I. Micheletti92, L. Middendorf67, I. A. Minaya19, L. Miramonti41, B. Mitrica37, L. Molina-Bueno39, S. Mollerach7, M. Monasor49, D. Monnier Ragaigne25, F. Montanet21, B. Morales12, C. Morello3, J. C. Moreno66, M. Mostafá36, C. A. Moura87, M. A. Muller46, G. Müller67, M. Münchmeyer20, R. Mussa45, G. Navarra3, J. L. Navarro39, S. Navas39, P. Necesal32, L. Nellen12, A. Nelles16,55, J. Neuser29, P. T. Nhung65, M. Niechciol1, L. Niemietz29, T. Niggemann67, D. Nitz63, D. Nosek81, L. Nožka32, J. Oehlschläger26, A. Olinto49, M. Oliveira2, M. Ortiz19, N. Pacheco59, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei46, M. Palatka32, J. Pallotta93, N. Palmieri27, G. Parente13, A. Parra13, S. Pastor94, T. Paul95,96, M. Pech32, J. Pe¸kala35, R. Pelayo88, I. M. Pepe97, L. Perrone44, R. Pesce74, E. Petermann98, S. Petrera62, A. Petrolini74, Y. Petrov36, R. Piegaia53, T. Pierog26, P. Pieroni53, M. Pimenta2, V. Pirronello43, M. Platino11, M. Plum67, M. Pontz1, A. Porcelli26, T. Preda80, P. Privitera49, M. Prouza32, E. J. Quel93, S. Querchfeld29, S. Quinn48, J. Rautenberg29, O. Ravel50, D. Ravignani11, B. Revenu50, J. Ridky32, S. Riggi84,13, M. Risse1, P. Ristori93, H. Rivera41, V. Rizi62, J. Roberts69, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho13, I. Rodriguez Cabo13, G. Rodriguez Fernandez42,13, J. Rodriguez Martino47, J. Rodriguez Rojo47, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías59, G. Ros59, J. Rosado19, T. Rossler79, M. Roth26, B. Rouillé-d’Orfeuil49, E. Roulet7, A. C. Rovero52, C. Rühle75, S. J. Saffi24, A. Saftoiu37, F. Salamida60, H. Salazar88, F. Salesa Greus36, G. Salina42, F. Sánchez11, P. Sanchez-Lucas39, C. E. Santo2, E. Santos2, E. M. Santos34, F. Sarazin91, B. Sarkar29, R. Sarmento2, R. Sato47, N. Scharf67, V. Scherini44, H. Schieler26, P. Schiffer14, A. Schmidt75, O. Scholten58, H. Schoorlemmer73,16,55, P. Schovánek32, F. G. Schröder26,11, A. Schulz26, J. Schulz16, S. J. Sciutto66, M. Scuderi43, A. Segreto84, M. Settimo20,1, A. Shadkam82, R. C. Shellard64, I. Sidelnik7, G. Sigl14, O. Sima99, A. Śmiałkowski76, R. Šmída26, G. R. Snow98, P. Sommers40, J. Sorokin24, H. Spinka100,70, R. Squartini47, Y. N. Srivastava96, S. Stanič72, J. Stapleton77, J. Stasielak35, M. Stephan67, M. Straub67, A. Stutz21, F. Suarez11, T. Suomijärvi60, A. D. Supanitsky52, T. Šuša18, M. S. Sutherland82, J. Swain96, Z. Szadkowski76, M. Szuba26, A. Tapia11, M. Tartare21, O. Taşcău29, N. T. Thao65, J. Tiffenberg53, C. Timmermans55,16, W. Tkaczyk76, C. J. Todero Peixoto57, G. Toma37, L. Tomankova26, B. Tomé2, A. Tonachini45, G. Torralba Elipe13, D. Torres Machado50, P. Travnicek32, D. B. Tridapalli6, E. Trovato43, M. Tueros13, R. Ulrich26, M. Unger26, J. F. Valdés Galicia12, I. Valiño13, L. Valore15, G. van Aar16, A. M. van den Berg58, S. van Velzen16, A. van Vliet14, E. Varela88, B. Vargas Cárdenas12, G. Varner73, J. R. Vázquez19, R. A. Vázquez13, D. Veberič72,71, V. Verzi42, J. Vicha32, M. Videla56, L. Villaseñor89, H. Wahlberg66, P. Wahrlich24, O. Wainberg11,10, D. Walz67, A. A. Watson83, M. Weber75, K. Weidenhaupt67, A. Weindl26, F. Werner26, S. Westerhoff101, B. J. Whelan40, A. Widom96, G. Wieczorek76, L. Wiencke91, B. Wilczyńska35, H. Wilczyński35, M. Will26, C. Williams49, T. Winchen67, B. Wundheiler11, S. Wykes16, T. Yamamoto49, T. Yapici63, P. Younk102, G. Yuan82, A. Yushkov13, B. Zamorano39, E. Zas13, D. Zavrtanik72,71, M. Zavrtanik71,72, I. Zaw69, A. Zepeda90, J. Zhou49, Y. Zhu75, M. Zimbres Silva46, and M. Ziolkowski1 (The Pierre Auger Collaboration)

  • 1Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
  • 2LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
  • 3Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
  • 4University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
  • 5Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • 6Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
  • 7Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
  • 8New York University, New York, New York, USA
  • 9Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
  • 10Universidad Tecnológica Nacional–Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 11Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 12Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico
  • 13Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
  • 14Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
  • 15Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
  • 16IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands
  • 17University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
  • 18Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
  • 19Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
  • 20Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3 Paris, France
  • 21Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble, CNRS-IN2P3 Grenoble INP, France
  • 22Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
  • 23University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania
  • 24University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
  • 25Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3 Orsay, France
  • 26Karlsruhe Institute of Technology–Campus North–Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
  • 27Karlsruhe Institute of Technology–Campus South–Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
  • 28Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
  • 29Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
  • 30University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsi, USA
  • 31Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
  • 32Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 33INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L’Aquila), Italy
  • 34Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • 35Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
  • 36Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
  • 37‘Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
  • 38Colorado State University, Pueblo, Colorado, USA
  • 39Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
  • 40Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
  • 41Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
  • 42Università di Roma II “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
  • 43Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
  • 44Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
  • 45Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
  • 46Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  • 47Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
  • 48Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
  • 49Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • 50SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
  • 51Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU Nançay, France
  • 52Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 53Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET, Argentina
  • 54Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • 55Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 56Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and National Technological University, Faculty Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
  • 57Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 58Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  • 59Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares Spain
  • 60Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3 Orsay, France
  • 61Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
  • 62Università dell’Aquila and INFN, L’Aquila, Italy
  • 63Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
  • 64Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • 65Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology (INST), Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 66IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
  • 67RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
  • 68ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
  • 69New York University, New York, New York, USA
  • 70Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • 71J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • 72Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
  • 73University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
  • 74Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and INFN, Genova, Italy
  • 75Karlsruhe Institute of Technology–Campus North–Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Germany
  • 76University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
  • 77Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
  • 78Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil
  • 79Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
  • 80Institute of Space Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
  • 81Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 82Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles, USA
  • 83School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
  • 84Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
  • 85University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
  • 86Faculdade Independente do Nordeste, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
  • 87Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  • 88Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
  • 89Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
  • 90Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
  • 91Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
  • 92Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)–CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
  • 93Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Argentina
  • 94Institut de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-Universitat de Vale`ncia, Valencia, Spain
  • 95University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
  • 96Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
  • 97Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, British Airways, Brazil
  • 98University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
  • 99University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Romania
  • 100Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
  • 101University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
  • 102Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

  • *auger_spokespersons@fnal.gov
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Phys. Rev. D 89, 052002 – Published 14 March, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.89.052002

Abstract

The emission of radio waves from air showers has been attributed to the so-called geomagnetic emission process. At frequencies around 50 MHz this process leads to coherent radiation which can be observed with rather simple setups. The direction of the electric field induced by this emission process depends only on the local magnetic field vector and on the incoming direction of the air shower. We report on measurements of the electric field vector where, in addition to this geomagnetic component, another component has been observed that cannot be described by the geomagnetic emission process. The data provide strong evidence that the other electric field component is polarized radially with respect to the shower axis, in agreement with predictions made by Askaryan who described radio emission from particle showers due to a negative charge excess in the front of the shower. Our results are compared to calculations which include the radiation mechanism induced by this charge-excess process.

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Phys. Rev. D 89, 052002– Published 14 March, 2014
  • Received 19 September 2013

© 2014 American Physical Society

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