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First observational tests of eternal inflation: Analysis methods and WMAP 7-year results

Stephen M. Feeney1,*, Matthew C. Johnson2,3,†, Daniel J. Mortlock4,‡, and Hiranya V. Peiris1,5,§

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
  • 2Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
  • 3California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
  • 4Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
  • 5Institute of Astronomy and Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom

  • *stephen.feeney.09@ucl.ac.uk
  • †mjohnson@perimeterinstitute.ca
  • ‡mortlock@ic.ac.uk
  • §h.peiris@ucl.ac.uk
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Phys. Rev. D 84, 043507 – Published 8 August, 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.84.043507

Abstract

In the picture of eternal inflation, our observable universe resides inside a single bubble nucleated from an inflating false vacuum. Many of the theories giving rise to eternal inflation predict that we have causal access to collisions with other bubble universes, providing an opportunity to confront these theories with observation. We present the results from the first observational search for the effects of bubble collisions, using cosmic microwave background data from the WMAP satellite. Our search targets a generic set of properties associated with a bubble-collision spacetime, which we describe in detail. We use a modular algorithm that is designed to avoid a posteriori selection effects, automatically picking out the most promising signals, performing a search for causal boundaries, and conducting a full Bayesian parameter estimation and model selection analysis. We outline each component of this algorithm, describing its response to simulated CMB skies with and without bubble collisions. Comparing the results for simulated bubble collisions to the results from an analysis of the WMAP 7-year data, we rule out bubble collisions over a range of parameter space. Our model selection results based on WMAP 7-year data do not warrant augmenting ΛCDM with bubble collisions. Data from the Planck satellite can be used to more definitively test the bubble-collision hypothesis.

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Synopsis

Collisions on the sky

Published 8 August, 2011

Cosmic microwave background data have been combed for evidence of bubble universe collisions that might signal the existence of eternal inflation.

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Article Text

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Phys. Rev. D 84, 043507– Published 8 August, 2011
  • Received 17 December 2010

© 2011 American Physical Society

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