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Hamiltonian thermodynamics of three-dimensional dilatonic black holes

Gonçalo A. S. Dias^* and José P. S. Lemos^†

Centro Multidisciplinar de Astrofísica—CENTRA, Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico—IST, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa—UTL, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal

^*gadias@fisica.ist.utl.pt
^†lemos@fisica.ist.utl.pt

Phys. Rev. D 78, 044010 – Published 7 August, 2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.78.044010

Abstract

The action for a class of three-dimensional dilaton-gravity theories with a negative cosmological constant can be recast in a Brans-Dicke type action, with its free $ω$ parameter. These theories have static spherically symmetric black holes. Those with well formulated asymptotics are studied through a Hamiltonian formalism, and their thermodynamical properties are found out. The theories studied are general relativity ( $ω \to \infty$ ), a dimensionally reduced cylindrical four-dimensional general relativity theory ( $ω = 0$ ), and a theory representing a class of theories ( $ω = - 3$ ). The Hamiltonian formalism is set up in three dimensions through foliations on the right region of the Carter-Penrose diagram, with the bifurcation 1-sphere as the left boundary, and anti–de Sitter infinity as the right boundary. The metric functions on the foliated hypersurfaces are the canonical coordinates. The Hamiltonian action is written, the Hamiltonian being a sum of constraints. One finds a new action which yields an unconstrained theory with one pair of canonical coordinates ${M, P_{M}}$ , $M$ being the mass parameter and $P_{M}$ its conjugate momenta The resulting Hamiltonian is a sum of boundary terms only. A quantization of the theory is performed. The Schrödinger evolution operator is constructed, the trace is taken, and the partition function of the canonical ensemble is obtained. The black hole entropies differ, in general, from the usual quarter of the horizon area due to the dilaton.

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Hamiltonian thermodynamics of three-dimensional dilatonic black holes

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