- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review D

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Jet formation driven by the expansion of magnetic bridges between the ergosphere and the disk around a rapidly rotating black hole

Shinji Koide*

Takahiro Kudoh†

Kazunari Shibata‡

  • Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan

  • Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

  • Kwasan and Hida Observatories, Kyoto University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8417, Japan

  • *Electronic address: koidesin@sci.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
  • †Electronic address: kudoh@th.nao.ac.jp
  • ‡Electronic address: shibata@kwasan.kyoto-u.ac.jp
PDF

Phys. Rev. D 74, 044005 – Published 7 August, 2006

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.74.044005

Abstract

We report two-dimensional numerical results of jet formation driven by a magnetic field due to a current loop near a rapidly rotating black hole. We initially set the current loop along the intersection of the equatorial plane and the surface of the ergosphere around the black hole. In such magnetic configurations, there are magnetic flux tubes which bridge the region between the ergosphere and the corotating disk. The magnetic flux tube, which we call a “magnetic bridge,” is twisted rapidly by the plasma in the ergosphere due to the frame-dragging effect. The magnetic pressure of the magnetic flux tube increases and the strong magnetic pressure blows off the plasma near the ergosphere to form outflow. The outflow is pinched by the magnetic tension of the magnetic flux tube. Then, eventually, the jet is formed. That is, the magnetic bridges cannot be stationary, and they expand explosively to form a jet. The parameter survey of the background pressure shows that the radius of the collimated jet depends on the gas pressure of the corona. However, this does not mean the gas pressure collimates the jet. The gas pressure decelerates the jet and the pinch effect by the magnetic field becomes significant.

View figure in article

Article Text

References (38)

  1. J. A. Biretta, W. B. Sparks, and F. Macchetto, Astrophys. J. 520, 621 (1999).
  2. T. J. Pearson and J. A. Zensus, in Superluminal Radio Sources, edited by J. A. Zensus and T. J. Pearson (Cambridge University, London, 1987), p. 1.
  3. I. F. Mirabel and L. F. Rodriguez, Nature (London) 371, 46 (1994).
  4. S. J. Tingay et al., Nature (London) 374, 141 (1995).
  5. S. R. Kulkarni, Nature (London) 398, 389 (1999).
  6. D. L. Meier, S. Koide, and Y. Uchida, Science 291, 84 (2001).
  7. R. D. Blandford and D. Payne, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 199, 883 (1982).
  8. Y. Uchida and K. Shibata, Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 37, 515 (1985).
  9. K. Shibata and Y. Uchida, Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 38, 631 (1986).
  10. T. Kudoh, R. Matsumoto, and K. Shibata, Astrophys. J. 508, 186 (1998).
  11. S. Koide, K. Shibata, T. Kudoh, and D. L. Meier, Science 295, 1688 (2002). Published online 24 January 2002.
  12. S. Koide, Phys. Rev. D 67, 104010 (2003).
  13. R. Penrose, Nuovo Cimento 1, 252 (1969).
  14. R. D. Blandford and R. Znajek, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 179, 433 (1977).
  15. M. Takahashi, S. Nitta, Y. Tatematsu, and A. Tomimatsu, Astrophys. J. 363, 206 (1990).
  16. K. Hirotani, M. Takahashi, S.-Y. Nitta, and A. Tomimatsu, Astrophys. J. 386, 455 (1992).
  17. S. Koide, Astrophys. J. Lett. 606, L45 (2004).
  18. S. S. Komissarov, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 350, 1431 (2004).
  19. S. Koide, K. Shibata, and T. Kudoh, Astrophys. J. 495, L63 (1998).
  20. S. Koide, K. Shibata, and T. Kudoh, Astrophys. J. 522, 727 (1999).
  21. S. Koide, D. L. Meier, K. Shibata, T. Kudohand , Astrophys. J. 536, 668 (2000).
  22. M. R. Hayashi, K. Shibata, and R. Matsumoto, Astrophys. J. Lett. 468, L37 (1996).
  23. T. Kudoh, R. Matsumoto, and K. Shibata, in Highly Energetic Physical Processes and Mechanisms for Emission from Astrophysical Plasmas, IAU Symposium 195, edited by P. C. H. Martens and S. Tsuruta (Astronomical Soc. Pacific, San Francisco, 2000), p. 407.
  24. Y. Kato, S. Mineshige, and K. Shibata, Astrophys. J. 605, 307 (2004).
  25. S. Hirose, J. H. Krolik, J. F. Hawley, and J.-P. De Villiers, Astrophys. J. 606, 1083 (2004).
  26. J. C. McKinney and C. F. Gammie, Astrophys. J. 611, 977 (2004).
  27. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1962).
  28. R. M. Wald, Phys. Rev. D 10, 1680 (1974).
  29. T. Kudoh, R. Matsumoto, and K. Shibata, Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 54, 267 (2002).
  30. D. Lynden-Bell, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 279, 389 (1996).
  31. J. C. McKinney, astro-ph/0603045.
  32. K. Iwasawa et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 282, 1038 (1996).
  33. J. Wilms et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 328, L27 (2001).
  34. I. F. Mirabel and L. F. Rodriguez, Nature (London) 392, 673 (1998).
  35. S. Koide, K.-I. Nishikawa, and R. L. Mutel, Astrophys. J. 463, L71 (1996).
  36. S. Koide, Astrophys. J. 478, 66 (1997).
  37. K. S. Thorne, R. H. Price, and D. A. Macdonald, Membrane Paradigm (Yale University Press, New Haven, 1986).
  38. S. F. Davis, NASA Contractor Report No. 172373 (ICASE Report No. 84-20) (NASA, Washington, 1984).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 74, 044005– Published 7 August, 2006
  • Received 20 February 2006

© 2006 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation