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Some Physical Constraints on Gauge Models of Weak Interactions

Benjamin W. Lee*, J. R. Primack, and S. B. Treiman

  • National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510

  • *Permanent address: Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, N. Y. 11790.
  • Junior Fellow, Society of Fellows; Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 02138.
  • Permanent address: Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. 08540.

Phys. Rev. D 7, 510 – Published 15 January, 1973

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.7.510

Abstract

Recently proposed models of weak interactions based on spontaneously broken gauge symmetry contain additional interactions arising from exchange of the scalar Higgs particles and/or neutral vector bosons. Further, higher-order corrections are finite, and therefore should be taken seriously. We investigate what constraints on parameters of models are imposed by consideration of Higgs-particle exchange and of higher-order effects in K decays. To bring out the main points we shall focus mainly on the SO(3) models of Georgi and Glashow. In the 5-quark version of the Georgi-Glashow model, the Higgs scalar couples strongly to (λ¯N), and to (e¯e), so that processes such as K+π++e+e¯ decay can occur already in lowest order. Thus a stringent lower bound (mφ10 GeV) is imposed on the mass of the scalar particle. For the process KLμ+μ¯, which occurs in second order, we find the amplitude to be of order GFαsinθC and independent of the value of MW. This is clearly in contradiction with experiment and rules out the 5-quark version. We analyze also an 8-quark version of the model, in which extra quarks are used to suppress the amplitudes for KLμ+μ¯ and K0K¯0: The amplitudes are of order GFα(Δm2MW2), where Δm2 is the difference between the squared masses of "charmed" and "uncharmed" quarks. It is also shown that in this version single-scalar-particle exchange is altogether forbidden and the constraint on mφ is accordingly eliminated. Constraints similar to those found for the Georgi-Glashow models also apply to other spontaneously broken gauge models of weak interactions.

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