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Problems with time-varying extra dimensions or “Cardassian expansion” as alternatives to dark energy
Phys. Rev. D 68, 025015 – Published 16 July, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.68.025015
Abstract
It has recently been proposed that the Universe might be accelerating as a consequence of extra dimensions with time-varying size. We show that, although these scenarios can lead to acceleration, they run into serious difficulty when taking into account the limits on the time variation of the four-dimensional Newton constant. On the other hand, models of “Cardassian” expansion based on extra dimensions which have been constructed so far violate the weak energy condition for the bulk stress energy, for parameters that give an accelerating Universe.
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